Territory planning is the most important component of urban development. On the basis of the finished projects, engineers, architects and builders carry out land surveying of land, establish boundaries and determine the zones within which objects of one type or another will be constructed. Correctly compiled documentation ultimately allows the rational use of regional resources. In particular, territory planning projects are formed taking into account the ecological, economic and climatic conditions of a particular locality, which makes it possible to ensure the optimal organization of the life of a settlement.
Project Creation Goals
The main objective of the planning of territorial objects is to ensure the stable development of the region in accordance with urban planning standards. First of all, experts determine in what boundaries the target territory will be fixed. This is a necessary condition for subsequent detailing and refinement of the planning structure in a particular area. At the next stage, a more accurate distribution of sites and zones is already carried out within the intended territory. In particular, segments for development, conversion sections, transport communication lines, etc. are determined. Affect projects planning the territory and housing complex. The most favorable locations for utilities and objects of socio-cultural significance are determined. Without special planning for residential buildings, industrial buildings, engineering structures and road junctions with communal infrastructure, it is impossible to realize the tasks of the urban development plan, the principles of which are based on ensuring a comfortable and safe life for citizens.
Territory planning
There are several stages of planning, which can be excluded or interchanged in order depending on the characteristics of the territory. At the first stage, a strategic analysis is carried out , the purpose of which is to study the main trends in the potential development of the area. Directions and criteria for assessing future development are determined. At the next stage, a cluster analysis is performed that identifies individual zones depending on their economic data. For example, a project for planning and surveying a territory may be a plan with several sections, delimited by functional features. These may be industrial, agricultural, infrastructure and residential areas, for which different development principles will be calculated. Also, planning is not complete without an analysis of the competitive, economic, and sectoral advantages of a particular territory. Under them are calculated and layout configurations of linear objects, and distribution schemes of communication networks.
Types of planning documentation
There are two main documents that are developed during the planning of territories. This is directly a planning project and a land surveying scheme. In the first case, the emphasis is on the establishment of boundaries and, in some cases, on the determination of places of capital development. For example, a project for planning a territory with a linear object may include separate sections indicating the requirements for its construction and reconstruction. But in principle, such data can be used in documentation only provided that neither the linear object, nor the land on which it is located, are municipal or state property. As for the documentation on land surveying, it includes the corresponding project with diagrams and drawings of the allocation of plots, data on the area of land formed, etc.
Preparation of project documentation
The target of planning can be the territory allocated by the urban development project or one of the elements of the territorial structure. When preparing the documents, its characteristics, land surveying plan, zonal delimitation and established land use rules are taken into account. A special place at this stage of work will be occupied by geodetic material. On its basis, the preparation of a project for planning the territory with a graphic part is carried out. For example, topographic plans, digital maps, and plans approved by authorized supervisory authorities can be used.
Project Justification Materials
This package of documents includes the following materials:
- Territorial map of the planning structure with the boundaries of the city or settlement.
- Results of geodetic surveys indicating development methods.
- Documents with substantiation of zoning and placement of capital development objects.
- Layouts of cultural heritage sites, road networks, etc.
It is important to note that territory planning projects cannot do without segmentation of construction objects according to the current technical condition. The same linear objects, buildings to be demolished and reconstructed, and unfinished construction sites are distinguished. Indicated in the justification and measures to protect the territories from fire and other emergency situations.
Development of a territory planning project
The basic part of the document includes drawings with red lines. Thus, the federal borders of the territory occupied by linear objects are distinguished. Planned and existing elements of the urban planning structure and the construction zone of capital facilities are also emphasized in the drawings. Separately, the design decision is accompanied by materials with parameters for the development of the territory. This part indicates the building density, its characteristics, regulatory limits and technical data on the planned facilities. Types of buildings can be different - residential, public-business, industrial, cultural, etc. But regardless of the direction of development, all territory planning projects should be developed taking into account the characteristics of transport, communal and social infrastructure. As a rule, these clusters are planned in accordance with a comprehensive urban development program.
Project approval and approval
The prepared project documents are checked by authorized bodies, which, on the basis of compliance of the materials provided with the standards, make a decision on approval or refusal to accept the package. In the second case, the project is sent for revision. In particular, the approval of documents and their verification can be done by local authorities and the industry commission. But in both cases, the approval of the territory planning project is carried out only after a public hearing. Complex documents with land surveying plans and planning decisions are approved by the head of the local administration.
Conclusion
Unlike urban planning concepts for the development of regions and municipal territories, the local planning plan is a precise and practical means of achieving strategic objectives. But even in this case, it is impossible to consider the target area as autonomous and closed. Even after delimitation, territory planning projects are not excluded from the general regional development plan. Specialists are developing the same transport and industrial infrastructure with the expectation of optimal interaction of economic facilities with neighboring regions. At the same time, there are local tasks, caused solely by internal economic, environmental, social and other characteristics.