One of the topical problems of the domestic educational system, which does not function effectively enough for the successful formation of personality, is the poor development of areas of specialized education. This, in turn, leads to a low level of students' awareness of existing professions and does not allow them to get an objective idea of โโthe labor space of modern society.
The acute problem of missing profile training
To date, the list of issues that, undoubtedly, must be addressed by the reform of general education, includes specialized education in the upper grades of a comprehensive school. This system is multicomponent, since the organization of specialized educational processes is based on the combined efforts of secondary schools and higher educational institutions. Since the number of areas of professional training does not have strict limitations, its complementation is aimed at addressing the needs of a particular region.
The reason for the relevance of issues related to the introduction of additional specialized education is the statistical information received from the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion. It turns out that every ninth high school student considers the current system of education to limit his ability and impede the implementation of acquired skills. There is no high-quality specialized education at school - about 80% of the students surveyed think so, because, in their opinion, educational institutions do not provide any specific guidelines for further professional guidance.
The principles of choosing a specialized direction
The term โprofileโ as such does not really occur in pedagogical science, therefore it is impossible to unambiguously interpret this concept. Meanwhile, it is not difficult to distinguish its individual characteristic features. So, specialized education is:
- type of differentiated training program;
- a way of professional self-determination;
- direction based on an individually oriented approach.
The curricula of one educational institution, compiled taking into account its profile orientation, can radically differ from each other. This allows you to highlight the main reasons for the classification of this form of training:
- according to the abilities of the student;
- according to special abilities;
- according to physiological and individual qualities;
- on hobbies and interest;
- on religious and national grounds.
Profile education as a way to choose a profession
Based on this typology, it is not difficult to conclude the role of specialized training. Education received in high school, unfortunately, does not include career guidance courses in its system, which really slows down the students' self-determination processes.
Thus, the content of educational programs should be aimed at obtaining a specialty and professional activity in the future. In addition, specialized education is a complex of disciplines corresponding to the chosen direction (specialty, additional and applied specialized subjects), which should be included in the
curriculum along with general education courses.
What disciplines are considered core?
The list of specialized disciplines includes subjects that determine the direction of training. They are not just mandatory for students who have opted for this profile. The study of these subjects is emphasized throughout the annual learning process. For example, the most common areas that complement the school curriculum include the following:
- humanitarian (literature, Russian and foreign languages);
- physical and mathematical (physics, algebra, geometry);
- science (chemistry, biology, geography);
- socio-economic (economics, social studies, law, history).
The introduction of specialized subjects in a general education course
With proper planning, school curricula should receive a core core representing specialization disciplines, subjects of applied and general humanitarian development. Education in the classes of the corresponding direction is also formed on the study of general cultural disciplines.
In many respects, the success of the profile education program depends on the correct and relative cutting of non-core material. In most cases, it is possible to avoid overloading academic hours by partially integrating core courses at the expense of general education.
Orientation to the individual abilities of students
Profile education is a complex approach to learning from various positions, goals, methods and forms, the content of the activities of the teacher and student. If we take into account the changes taking place in the systems of moral values โโand society, then the conclusion that specialized training is a completely logical result of the development and establishment of the theory of differentiated education will itself be prompted. Levels of specialized training are based on a personal approach to the educational process and the development of professional skills.
The introduction of additional courses and disciplines will minimize the gap between the middle and professional level of the educational system or completely get rid of it. Many specialized schools are formed due to qualitative changes and serious transformations of organizational forms of the educational process. Changes in the structure and organization of training to some extent favorably affect the interaction of teachers with students.
The benefits of specialized education for students
So, the interests and inclinations of students, their abilities and degree of interest in the chosen direction are taken into account. Profile education is what allows you to create all the necessary conditions for high school students with the maximum return to their professional intentions and interests. The changes will affect the further trajectory of the educational process, as the courses of profile orientation will allow to differentiate and individualize the basic model of training.
At any level of specialized education, training will solve the following problems:
- to provide students with thorough knowledge in the disciplines of the chosen professional field;
- to intensify the need for students to independently carry out cognitive activities;
- help schoolchildren navigate the circle of problems and find a solution related to the desired field of activity;
- develop students' motivation for research and scientific work;
- to form critical and creative thinking in students, which helps to actively receive information;
- to provide graduates with understanding and skills of competitiveness for successful admission to their chosen higher institutions.
Specialized education in the field of civil service
By the way, the issue of specialized education affects not only schoolchildren. Since the beginning of this year, new qualification standards have been introduced for state and municipal employees. Profile education has become mandatory for workers in this field, otherwise it is impossible to take a certain position. The applicant for the vacancy also has a number of requirements that affect work experience, personal qualities and professional skills.
With the adoption of the relevant federal law, the certification system was successfully launched in state and municipal structures. So, according to the results of an extraordinary exam, an employee who does not meet the criterion in terms of specialized education, but at the same time meets other requirements necessary for the performance of official duties, possesses skills, experience and personal qualities, receives permission to continue filling the civil service position.
Conclusion
An innovation in the field of civil service is another confirmation of the importance of the career guidance of teachers in educational institutions. Indeed, it is extremely important for graduates of the school not to make a mistake with the choice of a specialized educational institution and specialty, which will allow them to be in complete harmony with a natural vocation throughout their future life.
The introduction of specialized training is a direct reflection of the development of the educational system in the state and a logical response to the social needs of the population. The most effective model of his organization is considered to be a two-stage system consisting of a course of pre-profile preparation (throughout the 8th and 9th grades), and directly profile training in the 10th and 11th grades. The content of specialized programs is courses of general and specialized disciplines, subjects of general humanitarian development.