It is currently difficult to find a person who has not attended school. The current education system requires everyone to attend school and gain basic knowledge. Among other things, the school educates people, instills in them a sense of beauty. This is where a significant part of the child’s life takes place.
School is, first of all, teachers. All studying children have favorite teachers and those that they don’t like. But every teacher does a great job before each lesson. Indeed, to complete all the tasks of the lesson, you need to work hard. Before the lesson, teachers draw up a plan and outline the goals that they need to achieve with the class. This is very hard work, because it is not in vain that teachers have been so appreciated since ancient times.
What is a lesson?
This concept in its modern form means a limited time in everyday life of the teacher and students in order to obtain new knowledge. The lesson is the whole story, where there are those who succeeded in solving the task, and those who could not complete it. In addition to knowledge, the teacher should develop his students morally and educate them.
To conduct a good lesson, the teacher must clearly plan each action. Before the lesson, it is necessary to stipulate the goals and objectives of the lesson, thereby setting up the class to perform certain tasks. The lesson should be a step forward for the student. Each lesson, students must learn something. It is very important to develop independence in children.
A lesson is a time-limited activity, and children should understand this. No matter how important the school takes in the development of knowledge and the upbringing of the child, nothing will work without his independent work. Lesson time should be used as useful as possible. It depends on how the teacher builds the lesson. In addition, you need to correctly finish the lesson, because completeness is an important characteristic of the lesson.
The main objectives of the lesson
Teachers have such a concept as the triune purpose of the lesson. It means the result that should be achieved at the end of the lesson. Why triune? Because this includes 3 tasks of the lesson, which are the main ones: cognitive, developmental and educational. The fulfillment of all these goals will make the lesson as useful as possible for both the teacher and the students. Let's consider them in more detail.
The cognitive aspect is basic and includes the following requirements:
- to teach each child independence in obtaining knowledge;
- to lay skills, that is, accurate actions that are repeated many times before the development of automatism;
- to form skills, that is, a combination of skills and knowledge;
- to teach schoolchildren what was described in the lesson.
The developing aspect is considered the most difficult for the teacher. The main difficulty is to come up with a plan for this aspect for each lesson. However, this is an erroneous technique. Formed once, this plan can be useful in several lessons, because development is slower than learning.
The developing moment consists of several points: the development of speech, the development of thinking and the development of movement, that is, the motor sphere.
And finally, the upbringing aspect. This is what sets the school apart from other institutions. This is where the child can be raised in society. There are several types of moral objects, the correct interaction with which will help the student to master moral principles.
These objects include other children, their own "I", labor, patriotism and society. The teacher’s goal is to instill in the child an awareness of how to act, and how not to.
Public lesson
This type of lesson is held in absolutely all schools, and all classes have dropped out or have yet to participate in it. The tasks of the open lesson include, among other things, improving the culture of communication, as well as the skill of research work. Other teachers or students are always invited to it, a discussion of a problem takes place.
The teacher pre-names the topic and date of the lesson-workshop, and the students carefully prepare. Such a lesson begins with the opening speech of the teacher, he announces the topic and issues that will be discussed. After that, students read out their messages and discuss the problem with the teacher and invited guest.
The tasks of an open lesson are almost always carried out, since in any case, children learn the right way of communication, gain new knowledge.
Offset lesson
These are classes that students do not really like. Usually this is a control or independent work, on which the final assessment will depend. Pupils always carefully prepare for such a lesson, because the quality of a dictation written or a solved equation will affect a lot.
The objectives of the lesson of this kind are the best assimilation of the topic covered and testing the knowledge of the child. The teacher always warns about control and independent work in advance and asks students to prepare. Before the start of the lesson, all children sit in their seats. Often there are times when a teacher prepares a whiteboard in advance and writes assignments (in the case of a math test). Then, on a call, students immediately begin to solve problems.
If this is a dictation in the Russian language, then, accordingly, nothing is written in advance. The teacher dictates, and the students must write. This is a fairly common form of the lesson, almost always bearing fruit. After the control in the next lesson, work is done on the errors so that students understand and remember their shortcomings.
Objectives and goals of the lesson in accordance with the educational standard
After the Russian Federation switched to a new education system, a new standard appeared. The objectives of the lesson in the Federal State Educational Standard (Federal State Educational Standard) became somewhat different. Now the teacher is required to educate the people of modern society, instill in children the awareness that they will learn all their lives. The main goal of the GEF is the development of the student as a subject of cognitive activity.
The education of the student’s personality comes to the fore. In addition, the requirements include the achievement of meta-subject and substantive results. The first includes the active use of communicative components in solving cognitive problems, as well as the use of various means for collecting information in accordance with the objectives of the subject.
The cognitive or educational task of the lesson is slowly fading into the background. Since there are currently many opportunities for independent assimilation of knowledge, the main goal of the school is to educate the individual.
Most common criteria
There are four such criteria in total. Following them, you can form a quality lesson.
- Performance. Evaluation of this criterion is a difficult task, since opinion is always subjective. However, experienced teachers consider a lesson successful if it meets certain requirements:
- high cognitive level of occupation and independent work of students;
- assistance in shaping the identity of students;
- Good communication between teacher and student. - Structure. Currently, this is one of the most important criteria, since there is a huge amount of information and how to get it, and the lesson time is limited. The task of the teacher is to use the allotted time as correctly as possible. The main part of the lesson should go to study a new topic. In the remaining minutes, you need to consolidate the material by repeating and playing on practical situations.
- Help in awakening the cognitive abilities of the student. Knowledge should be acquired, and if the child is not ready to listen to new material, then he will not, and therefore, will not learn anything in this lesson. It is very important that the student is set for the lesson. Solving problems related to logic is very effective in this matter. To activate the class, you can come up with different roles: consultants, assistants, etc. The tasks of the lesson in the school are quite diverse, and in order to complete as much as possible, the teacher needs to set up children for the lesson.
- Creation. The creation of something new has always been welcomed by all generations of educators. So that the child does not hesitate to express his thoughts, it is necessary that he learn independence. Experienced teachers recommend giving the child more time to do something on their own. This will develop in him only the best qualities. For example, the tasks of a Russian lesson include teaching spelling words. Let the child work with the dictionary and write out new words.
Basic methods for organizing a lesson
In the modern world there are a huge number of various tricks that will help the teacher conduct a quality lesson. The goals and objectives of the lesson must be accomplished using various methods.
One of the most popular is the conversation, which is a dialogue between the teacher and the student, mainly on the initiative of the first. The task of the teacher in this case is to bring the child to the correct answer using leading questions. Also during the dialogue, the student develops his spoken language.
Demonstration is a modern method. The teacher during the lesson explains the material with the help of various tables, diagrams, paintings, movies, etc. As you know, the tasks of an English lesson include the assimilation of the rules of speaking. To complete this task, the teacher can deliver the film to students in English with subtitles.
Conference - a meeting of students to discuss any issue or problem. It can take place both at the city level, and at school. Usually it is a formal event where participants make presentations and messages, and then talk about them. It helps a lot in the development of business speech.
Repeating a new topic in a lesson is also very important. Fixing the material has never bothered anyone. As they say, repetition is the mother of learning. It is very useful to remind you of the material already passed, especially before the final control or independent work. Effectively repeat the tasks solved in physics and mathematics. This will help better absorption of the material.
Individual training is carried out only in certain cases when the student was absent due to a long illness and missed new material. Also, the teacher can stay after classes with a student who has not mastered the topic well and explain to him again.
Preparing the teacher for the lesson
This is a very long and complicated process, because it is not easy to prepare for each lesson when there are five, six, or even seven of them per day. This process can be represented in stages:
- Study curriculum. This action is usually performed before the start of the school year to identify the main goals and objectives of the whole subject, as well as a specific topic. Before each lesson, the teacher should look into the program to identify specific tasks at the moment.
- Methodical literature. After mastering the curriculum, you need to familiarize yourself with the textbook, various articles on these topics. This is done in order to draw up a thematic plan. It should not be cumbersome, but clear, and reflect the basic information.
- Studying each topic in a textbook. Before giving children tasks on it, the teacher must know what is written there. The objectives of the lesson include the most accessible presentation of the material so that students understand what it is about. Often there are difficult moments in the textbook, and the teacher should pay attention to them.
- Study material on the topic of the lesson. The teacher should be fully aware of the topic on which classes are held. In addition to the educational literature, it is necessary to listen to sound information and view film material. If the teacher is going to conduct an experiment in the lesson, you need to prepare very seriously, since failure can lead to undermining your reputation.
- And finally, creating a lesson plan. This stage should be treated with special attention, since the plan is the last step in preparing the teacher for the lesson. It consists of the title of the topic of the lesson, goals and objectives, structure, list of teaching and learning aids. You should also allocate time for each stage of the lesson. The plan should not be large in volume, however, it is recommended that novice teachers write a lesson. The task of immersion in the topic will be accomplished using this method.
Lesson analysis
To succeed in teaching, you need to consider and analyze each lesson you have learned. You need to find your mistakes and mistakes and understand whether they are gaps in the preparation for the lesson, or whether they were the result of work in the lesson. It is not recommended to praise yourself too much or scold too much. It is necessary to try to give an objective assessment.
Many educators make one mistake in conducting lessons. It refers to the beginning of the lesson when the teacher checks the students' homework. Within 15 or 20 minutes, the tasks of all students are checked, while the class is not busy with anything. Such a waste of time is unforgivable. Novice teachers need to take note of this and not make such mistakes.
The lesson should be analyzed on the basis of the goals that were set before it. If the lesson was held in a lecture mode, you should find out whether all the necessary material was readily available, and whether the students understood anything. Of course, the answer to the second question will be known only when testing the knowledge of the class. If the lesson was held in the form of a conference or a seminar, it is necessary to analyze the activity of the students and the content of their messages and reports.
Conclusion
The work of a teacher is one of the most difficult and important for all of us. It is not without reason that in almost every city there is a monument to the first teacher as a tribute to this profession. Teachers conduct their classes in order to educate and teach children the skills and abilities that will be useful in the future. The objectives of the lesson include personal education of the child, an explanation of moral principles.
Modern education places high demands on both teachers and students. Sophisticated training programs, detailed plans and the like add to the burden of an already complex profession. But school has always been the stage at which character and knowledge are formed. It occupies a huge place in the life of every person.