Plants are found at every step. A person uses them in various industries: not only for food, but also for the manufacture of clothes, furniture, as well as to create coziness and beauty. More than 200 species are now cultivated by humans. And the main value in human life is seed plants, mainly flowering ones. They are grown in the fields and gardens. And therefore, for amateur gardeners and gardeners it is very important to know which plants are propagated by seeds. After all, this method is the simplest and cheapest.
Seed propagation history
The first plants on Earth were spread by spores. But this mechanism turned out to be imperfect, since a very small number of spores fell into favorable conditions. Therefore, so far only ferns, mosses and lichens have survived. The emergence of a huge variety of plants nature is due precisely to the emergence of seed propagation method. After all, a seed that has a protective shell and a supply of nutrients is more adapted to harsh conditions and can lie and wait for a long time until animals or humans transfer it to a soil favorable for growth.
The first seed plants are conifers, ginkgoids and cypses. They are still very common on Earth. A very large group is angiosperms, or flowering plants. They not only provide a person with food and clothing, but also decorate his life. Therefore, everyone will be interested to know which plants are propagated by seeds.
The structure of seed plants
A feature of all of them is that at least once in their life they form a flower, on the site of which the fruit ripens with seeds. The beauty, aroma and color of it depends on the method of pollination. The main parts of such plants are the pestle and stamens. Each flower is different. Stamens contain pollen and are needed for pollination of flowers. Pestle consists of ovary, column and stigma. It is in the first that a fetus with seeds develops.
All plants are divided into single-seed and multi-seeded. Seeds vary in size, color and shape. They can be small, like dust, or large and hard (for example, beans or acorns). From all that has been said, it can be concluded that plants having flowers propagate by seeds.
How seeds are distributed
During evolution, nature has come up with many ways to spread them. Indeed, for the survival of plants, it is important that the seeds scatter over long distances. They must germinate in favorable conditions. If you know which plants are propagated by seeds, it becomes clear that the latter cannot be the same. Indeed, many of them have a special structure, which depends on the method of their distribution.
- Most seeds are spread by the wind. In some plants, they are therefore very small, like dust. Other seeds have special adaptations in order to fly long distances. For example, the maple fruit is called "lionfish" and rotates when it falls, so it takes it far away with the wind. The seeds of poplar and dandelion are fluffy and light. They are covered with small hairs, while the dandelion still has the shape of a parachute.
- So many seeds are spread by humans or animals. They have devices to cling to clothes or wool and thus be transported over long distances. This, for example, a string or burdock. Some seeds are sticky and stick to everything, even to the legs of birds.
- Often plants that reproduce by seed have juicy and tasty fruits. They are eaten by birds or humans, and the bones fall into another place.
- There are also plants that throw out their seeds, often over long distances, such as rabid cucumber. Yellow acacia does the same.
How to grow plants from seeds
There are a lot of indoor flower lovers now. But rarely, one of them is interested in which plants propagate by seeds. After all, it’s a cheap but rather troublesome way. Seeds must first be soaked, then sown in a soil favorable to them. It is necessary to create special conditions: optimal temperature, humidity and lighting. After germination, it is important to water them on time, put in a sunny warm place, thin out the sprouts. Therefore, most gardeners prefer to buy ready-made seedlings.