The structure of the tree: a diagram. Features of the external structure of the tree

Trees are complex organisms that harness the energy of the sun, inhibit global warming, and help maintain ecosystem balance. The external structure of the tree includes such basic parts as leaves, flowers and fruits, trunk, branches and roots.

tree structure

Features of the external structure of the tree: crown

The crown, which consists of leaves and branches at the top of the tree, plays an important role in filtering dust and other particles from the air. It also helps cool the air by providing shade and reducing the effects of raindrops on the soil. Leaves are responsible for the nutrition of the whole tree.

features of the external structure of the tree

They contain chlorophyll, which promotes photosynthesis and stains them green. Leaves use the energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere into glucose and oxygen. Sugar, which is the food of trees, is used or stored in the branches, trunk and roots. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere. Crowns of trees come in different shapes and sizes.

tree structure for children

Trunk and branches

The trunk and branches, as well as the cortex covering them, consist of many types of cells that perform many different functions. Some serve to give strength and stability, others are involved in the transportation of liquids, some are responsible for starch and other nutrients storage.

tree structure diagram

Bark

The structure of the tree includes such an important element as the bark. It consists mainly of two zones:

  1. The inner bark (bast) is actively involved in the life of the tree. Its tubular cells form a kind of water supply, through which nutrients dissolved in water are distributed to other parts of the tree from leaves and buds, where they were reproduced by photosynthesis.
  2. The outer cortex consists mainly of dead cells. It is covered with cracks. This is a kind of protective shell against insects, animals, cold, heat and other external factors.

tree structure photo

Tree growth

The structure of the tree implies the presence of three meristematic zones, that is, cells that can divide and multiply. Two of them are located on the roots and buds at the tips of the branches, which allows the tree to grow in length. The third zone is located between the bark and the tree, it is called vascular cambium. Its cells divide both inward and outward, that is, in all directions. Thus, a new inner layer of the cortex is formed inside existing ones. Cambium is one of the most important conditions for the growth of trees, their restoration during trauma and protection against decay.

tree structure

Root system

Anatomical features of the external structure of the tree include the absence of a core in the root system, an increased amount of parenchyma, or the so-called living cells. The roots also have a small number of fibers and a smaller number of growth rings than in the trunk and branches. The underground structure of the tree (root system) has important functional significance. The roots are adapted to absorb and retain water and minerals in low light conditions. They also require significant oxygen, which they extract from a small space between particles of soil.

Another important function of the root system is to maintain the plant upright. All trees have lateral roots that branch into smaller ones and tend to lengthen in the horizontal plane. Some trees have a core root that reaches 7 meters. Each root is covered with thousands of hairs, which makes it easier to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. Most of the root system is in the topsoil.

tree structure

Core

During growth, the old xylem cells in the center of the tree become inactive and inactive, and finally die, forming rings filled with glucose, dyes, and oil, so the core is usually darker than the rest of the trunk. Its main function is tree support. Xylem consists of young layers of wood through which water and nutrients are transported from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the tree. Cambium is a thin layer of tissue that, during growth, produces new cells that become either xylem or phloem. In other words, this is what increases the trunk and branches in diameter.

tree structure

Parts of a tree for children

The structure of a tree for children is best explained using visual material. A variety of pictures, coloring books, and illustrations can help introduce kids to a certain type of vegetation. You can use tasks on logic, exercises on drawing pictures and so on. The main thing is not to overdo it and not to overload the child with unnecessary details. It is better to start with a single image, gradually adding and complicating with other drawings, more detailed. It is necessary to consolidate the studied in an interesting form, using riddles, rhymes and entertaining stories. When you explain the structure of a tree to kids, the diagram and definitions should be as simple and straightforward as possible. For example, a root is a part of a tree that remains underground. The trunk supports the crown and branches on which the leaves grow. The bark protects the tree from heat, cold, loss of moisture and damage, and so on.

tree structure
Trees are an important part of our world. They provide wood for construction and pulp for paper making. They provide a habitat for all species of insects, birds and other animals. Many types of fruits and nuts grow on trees, including apples, oranges, walnuts, pears, and peaches. Even tree sap is healthy and serves as food for insects and more. Trees also help keep the air clean and the ecosystem healthy. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Trees also absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Just the perfect partnership! The structure of the tree (photo is presented in the article) includes a certain number of components, each of which plays an important role in the life of the whole plant.


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