Prepositions non-derivative and derivatives: rule, list, examples

A derivative and non-derivative preposition is primarily a service part of speech. He connects the words with each other and shows their dependence on each other. Prepositions cannot be used separately, they always stand near pronouns, nouns or numerals. So...

Pretext

Literally, "preposition" means "before the word" and, indeed, they always face the words with which they are combined.

There are only four pretexts-exceptions, which are located both before and after the combined words. It:

• for the sake of boredom, boredom for the sake of;

• go towards fate, go towards fate;

• contrary to laws, dreams against;

• contrary to plans, plans against.

According to the frequency of use, prepositions take place immediately after nouns, verbs and pronouns.

Between significant words, the subordinate connection is determined precisely by means of prepositions.

When grammatical relations are composed of a combination of the indirect case of a noun and a preposition, the meaning of the latter is obtained.

In phrases, the connection between words is carried out due to endings and prepositions. For example, go after mom.

Prepositions and cases

In most cases, prepositions are used with any one case:

• with the genitive case, you can use the derivative and non-derivative preposition y, as well as for, to, from and others;
• the preposition k is combined with the dative case, even in the Russian language there are those that are not used at all with other cases, except the dative case - thanks, contrary to, contrary to, against;
• with accusative case , through, through , etc .;
• with instrumental - before, above, between;
• and with prepositional - oh, with.

Some prepositions are used immediately with two cases, for example:

• the prepositions in and on are equally true to use with words in the accusative and prepositional cases;
• under and behind - in accusative and instrumental.

Prepositions from and to can stand before words in the genitive, accusative and instrumental cases.

With the nominative case, prepositions are not used at all.

Thus, from the preposition in front, you can find out in which case the word is, which is of great importance for the correct spelling of the endings.

The main morphological feature of the preposition is immutability.

Prepositions by structure

Prepositions are distinguished by structure, meaning, relationship, origin and structure.

Structurally, prepositions can consist of one word - simple ( oh, y, c, on, s and others), two words interconnected by a hyphen - complex (because, in and above , etc.), as well as a few words - compound ( despite, in connection with , etc.).

Prepositions by value

In the meaning of prepositions there are categories:

• The prepositions of space show where the action took place - from, in, to, y, above, from under , etc. He looked out from under the table, came to the stream, lies at the table.
• Temporary indicate the time of events - before, in, before, through and others. I got up before dawn, came at five o'clock, will be in ten minutes.
  
• Causal prepositions direct us to the cause of what is happening - thanks, from, in view of, and others. He acted due to luck, burst into tears of joy, skipped due to illness.
• Target prepositions direct us to the goal of action - for, for the sake of, and so on. Bought for breakfast, shouted for laughter.
  
• The prepositions of the mode of action direct us to the mode of action - without, in, from, with and others. Without fear, with reproach.
• Object prepositions show the subject on which the action is performed - oh , about, s, about , etc. I heard about the weather, I learned about the performance.

Unambiguous prepositions are used with a single case, ambiguous - with several. Depending on the case design, the meaning of the preposition may change. Some have more than thirty.

Prepositions non-derivative and derivatives

A separate block is the classification of prepositions by structure and origin.

Non-derivative prepositions have always been, they are considered primitives, and they have always been prepositions. Like this? It becomes clear from the definition of derivative prepositions, which were originally other parts of speech (for example, adverbs), and with the development of the language began to be used as prepositions - near, behind, in part . Prepositions made up of several simple ones are also related to derivatives - because of, in terms of .

Derived prepositions also have their ranks depending on the part of speech from which they were formed:

• from adverbs - adverbial prepositions, they indicate space and time - instead, against, through and others;

• from nouns - anonymous prepositions, express object, and sometimes circumstantial relations - like, in course, in part;

• from verbs - verbal, they are formed from the participles (verb forms) and show the circumstances of the relationship: excluding, regardless, etc.

Spelling of prepositions

All derivative and non-derivative prepositions are written separately from words. The spelling is checked with a question that can be inserted between them. For example, on a table, on (what?) A table.

If prepositions are made from adverbs, they are written together: to run towards the sun. Here it is important to learn to distinguish prepositions and adverbs. The former are not used without nouns or pronouns: approaching toward (adverb), approaching toward (preposition) traffic lights.

It must be remembered that derivative prepositions in view of, like, about, instead, like, are consequently written together.

Another way to distinguish prepositions non-derivative and derivatives from other parts of speech is to replace it with a similar pretext. For example: because of a breakdown, the car could not go - because of a breakdown, the car could not go.

The ending - e is written in such pretexts as: during, in the continuation, due to. The reason for this writing was their origin - these prepositions are formed from the form of the accusative case. To distinguish them from nouns, you should try to substitute the definition: in the rapid course of the river, in the languid continuation of sleep. If this succeeds, then in front of you is a noun with a preposition.

Through hyphens, paired derivatives of prepositions are written from under, in and above, and others.

Prepositions non-derivative and derivatives have their exceptions - words with special features in spelling. Through ends with a soft sign. Through the thick darkness the sun was breaking through. But the preposition is near, just as on the contrary, it is written without a soft sign at the end: near the stream. Prepositions according to and thanks to a noun or pronoun in the dative case, but not genitive - thanks to the efforts.

Combined spelling of derivative and non-derivative prepositions

It is written together in the middle in the case when it expresses spatial relations: in the middle of that sea.

Despite, in spite of - in contrast to the participles with the preposition, they are written together and take on an inferior meaning. We walked despite the rain. Despite him, the girl passed by.

Like in the meaning , it seems, it is written together. Like berries of mountain ash. Look at the likeness of isosceles triangles.

In the representation of, about, the preposition about has a single spelling. Compare: instructed about the subbotnik. He gave instructions to put money into the account.

It is also written towards , but do not confuse with at the meeting. For example, towards a sunny day; to meet with his youth.

A fairly complex derivative preposition, which is not similar to the noun, not only in conjunction, but also the final letter e - due to. This is a synonym for the preposition because of. No one was injured due to the earthquake. The investigation of the case made some changes. There is an adverb later , it is also always written together with the letter and at the end.

Following is written together when it is synonymous with the preposition. Following him quickly went. Moved trail to trail.

It seems like or like spelled together. It seems like a shadow, or maybe light. His kind often met merry fellow.

Taking a causal or investigative value, the pretext in view of (due to) has a single spelling. Due to the strong storm, the signal was weak. If it concerns space, then it is written separately. There was nothing special about these bushes. Exception: keep in mind.

Separate spelling of prepositions

The list of derivative and non-derivative prepositions, which are written separately, looks like this:

• in business;
• in connection with;
• in execution ;
• into change;
• to avoid;
• Finally;
• as;
• in moderation;
• by virtue of;
• for;
• as;
• Unlike;
• in continuation;
• during.

Prepositions and other parts of speech

Prepositions non-derivative and derivative especially, often sound similar to other parts of speech. In order not to get confused and not to be mistaken when writing them, you should remember a few rules and features.

To make sure that the preposition is derivative, you can, replacing it with another without loss of meaning. Due to lack of materials, the house was not completed. Due to lack of materials, the house was not completed.

Analysis of the preposition: morphology

Derivative and non-derivative prepositions: the rule of morphological analysis contains three points.

1. Preposition: part of speech. It is necessary to define the preposition and its grammatical meaning (in which phrase it stands, for which words it is used, with which case it is used, with which it can still).
2. Permanent morphological features of the preposition (structure, structure, capacity).
3. Preposition: syntactic role (which member of the sentence is included).

Attention! Prepositions

In order to learn how to write derivative and non-derivative prepositions correctly, exercises must be performed as often as possible. Especially derivatives that are formed from independent parts of speech can be so easily confused with a noun, adverb or participle, thereby making a mistake.

The table above will help you quickly remember or learn how to write this or that preposition. Derivative and non-derivative prepositions are found in almost every sentence, their list is very extensive, so when writing, they should be treated with special attention.