Yalta on the map is in the southern part of Crimea, from Foros in the west and up to Krasnokamenka in the east. This city is the recognized resort capital of the peninsula, an important passenger and commercial port.
Name history
The city of Yalta, according to the most common version, got its name from the Greek word "yalos", which translates as "shore". This settlement was first mentioned in 1154. Lines of a Polovtsian city on the Black Sea coast came from the pen of the Arab historian Al-Idrisiya.
Yalta on the map. Physico-geographical characteristics
The city is located in the southern part of the Crimean peninsula. It occupies the shore of the Yalta Bay, in the Black Sea. On the territory of the city are the hills of Darsan and Glory. On the land side, Yalta is surrounded by the semicircle of the Crimean mountains.
The resort's general attraction is the parks Vorontsovsky and Livadia, divided in the territory of Big Yalta (the latter includes the city itself, Alupka and many villages). First of all, they impress with their impressive size. During their creation, unique decorative foreign plants were widely used.
Climate features
Where is the city of Yalta? At about the same geographical latitude as the popular Italian resorts of Genoa and Ravenna. About 2250 hours a year, the city caresses the warm sun. Such chic Mediterranean resorts such as San Remo, Nice and Cannes can boast a similar indicator. The city of Yalta (Crimea) has a temperate climate, similar to the Mediterranean subtropical. Winters are rainy and mild, spring is cool, summer is long and hot, and autumn is warm and long (the so-called velvet season).
Yalta on the map of Crimea is in the arms of a warm sea and mountains, playing the role of reliable defenders from cold winds. This geographical feature provides favorable conditions for vacationers.
Yalta (Crimea) is famous, first of all, for its recreational resources. Reserves such as Cape Martyan, Crimean Natural and Yalta Mountain Forest provide the healing and climatic value of the resort.
Beaches
Yalta (photos of the city are presented in the article) is famous for its magnificent beaches. However, not so long ago they were gradually destroyed under the influence of landslides. People began to deliberately refine the beaches only a few decades ago. So, it was organized the construction of retaining walls, digging trenches in the seabed and falling asleep with stones. With the help of floating cranes, hundred-ton buns were installed, and between them millions of cubic meters of rubble were placed. As a result, people have learned to create artificial beaches, even in those areas that were previously considered absolutely unsuitable for recreation.
Fauna, flora
Yalta Nature Reserve is a unique place where about two thousand species of various plants grow. Juniper-oak forests and shrubs cover the slopes of the city. Most common pine and Crimean pine, as well as juniper, rocky and fluffy oak , maple, hornbeam, beech, cedar, dogwood, pear and mountain ash.
Forests on the south coast have extremely important water conservation and soil protection significance, therefore they are recognized as protected and carefully protected.
The fauna of the southern Crimean coast has an island character and is similar in type to the Mediterranean. On this territory you can see red deer, roe deer, mountain mouflon sheep, marten, badger, tele-squirrel, wild boar, weasel, fox, hare, hedgehog, shrew, bat.
Ecological situation
First of all, we highlight a number of existing problems:
- At least nine hundred units per hour (sometimes this figure reaches 1,600 units) is the transport load on the main highways of Yalta in the summer in the daytime. As for the winter period, boiler houses are considered to be the main source of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, the condition of the treatment systems of which leaves much to be desired for many years.
- The maximum concentration of carbon monoxide on the highways of Simferopol reaches six maximum concentration limits (maximum permissible concentration), and on the roads of Yalta - three maximum concentration limits . This may be due to the use of low quality fuel.
- As experts have established, in Yalta, the concentration of benzapirene is almost twice the optimal concentration. This fact suggests that the environmental situation in the city is unsatisfactory.
- In March 2012, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development allocated ten million hryvnias to modernize the Yalta sewage system in order to stop the discharge of water into the Black Sea. However, as of 2013, the city’s treatment facilities are still in very poor condition. For this reason, the waters adjacent to the port beaches are periodically polluted by sewage.
- April 2012 was marked by a wide discussion of the problem of poor cleaning of city streets. Local residents independently organized subbotniks to cleanse Yalta from garbage. In September of the same year, such events were resumed as local authorities were not able to maintain cleanliness in the city.
A bit of history
The remains of the settlements of the ancient inhabitants of the Crimean territories - Taurus - were found by archaeologists near Simeiz, on Cape Ai-Todor and Mount Koshka, as well as in some other places. Artifacts were attributed to approximately the fourth to fifth centuries BC. Taurus were pirates, fishers, farmers, hunters and herders. Their lifestyle can be described as semi-sedentary.
According to legend, Yalta is a city founded by Greek sailors. It is believed that they wandered around the vast expanses of the Black Sea for a long time, and after seeing the long-awaited coast, they exclaimed: “Yalos!” (the Greek word is “shore”). Since then, these lands have been called. On maps and documents of the XIV century. the city is referred to as Yalita, Gialita, Kallita and Etalita.
Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? Currently, it belongs to the Russian Federation, but in the summer of 1475 the city, like the whole Crimea, was captured by the Ottoman Turks. The southern coast was included in the Ottoman Empire. In the second half of the fifteenth century, a powerful earthquake occurred that destroyed Yalta. Only seventy years later, Armenians and Greeks began to settle in the devastated area. Historians believe that it was during that period that the name used so far was entrenched in the city.
Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? Back in 1783, Crimea became part of the Russian Empire. This happened as a result of the process of mass migration of Crimean Christians to the Sea of Azov in 1778 and the emigration of Crimean Tatars to Turkey. At that time, Yalta was a small, deserted fishing village.
Nineteenth century
The governor general of the Novorossiysk lands - Count Vorontsov - in 1823 granted two hundred acres of Yalta land, subject to the cultivation of vineyards, orchards and construction. Newly made prosperous owners, thanks to the hard work of their serfs, built luxurious villas, palaces, mansions on this territory, laid huge industrial gardens and vineyards. In addition, magnificent parks appeared at this time, which to this day delight the eyes of local residents and tourists: Gurzufsky, Massandrovsky, Alupkinsky, Livadia and others.
Yalta was gradually growing. The map of the area allowed Vorontsov to understand that this inconspicuous settlement, due to its unique relief and convenient bay, could become an important city for Russia.
Important Transformations
The year 1838 was marked by the formation of the Yalta district. The once deserted village gained the status of a city. A year earlier, Count Vorontsov ordered the construction of a gravel road that connected Yalta with Simferopol and Alushta. In 1848, the city found direct road links with Sevastopol.
Destruction and restoration
During the war of 1853-1856 seriously affected all of Crimea. Yalta (a map of the city at that time helps to understand the nature and scale of the destruction) was no exception. Over time, the city was restored, moreover, they began to talk about it as an excellent resort. Dr. Dmitriev and Professor Botkin noted that the Yalta climate is healing. For this reason, Emperor Alexander the Third issued a decree on the construction of two palaces in the city - Livadia and Massandra.
Private construction also did not stand still. So, one of the richest people in Russia - Prince Yusupov - erected a palace in Koreiz, Count Milyutin - in Simeiz, Naryshkin - in Miskhor.
In 1886, according to the instructions of Alexander III, the construction of a powerful pier made of stone, as well as a sewer system, was begun. Another important realized project of that period was the Yalta embankment. In 1898, the construction of the city water supply system was completed.
As a result, by the end of the nineteenth century, many knew where Yalta was on the map, since the city was already known as a beautiful resort. The interest of those in power was also fueled by the fact that in the 1860s, Livadia, near Yalta, became the southern residence of the king’s family.
Twentieth Century
Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? Russia. And at the beginning of the last century, many representatives of the imperial nobility considered it their duty to have a palace or at least a summer cottage on the southern coast of Crimea.
By 1914, two gymnasiums and a commercial school, two clubs, four paid schools, libraries, and the same number of movie theaters had already been opened in the city.
The situation in Yalta has changed significantly after the two revolutions - the February and October revolt. According to Lenin’s decree, chic mansions and palaces went to the people. In addition, new health resorts were actively erected. The first to open its doors was the Dolossy sanatorium. It happened in 1928.
And again the war ...
During the Great Patriotic War, German troops occupied Crimea. In Yalta, anti-Nazi activity was launched. The invaders organized a Jewish ghetto in the city. 4,500 Yalta residents were driven there. All of them were later shot near Massandra. In the period from 1941 to 1944, Yalta was mercilessly bombarded by enemy aircraft. The city was liberated from the invaders in April 1944.
Is Yalta Russia or Ukraine? From 1954 to 2014, the city was part of the Ukrainian lands, however, at present it is part of the Russian Federation.
Recent story
At the dawn of the twenty-first century, reconstruction of most of the Yalta coast began. As a result, the condition of the beaches, which today take more than one thousand people a year, has significantly improved, and Massandra was even awarded the Blue Flag. In 2003, reconstruction work on the city promenade was completed. Since then, it has been not only a shopping street, but also a place of mass festivities. In 2009, a memorial chapel was erected on the same promenade, which was later consecrated in the name of the Cathedrals of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. It was built in honor of the memory of all innocently killed during the period of hard times, during the Civil and World War II. It is noteworthy that the memorial is located not far from the wooden chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky demolished in 1932, erected in memory of the deceased at the hands of terrorists, Alexander Second.
March 18, 2014 Crimea (including Yalta) became part of the Russian Federation. This happened on the basis of a national referendum held two days earlier, as well as an agreement between the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea.
It is not for nothing that the inhabitants of Yalta proudly call their hometown an open-air museum. Created for the relaxation of Russian noblemen, this once tiny settlement is now a popular resort. Tourists from many countries are happy to soak up the local beaches under the gentle Yalta sun.