Industrial oil is a product of oil refining. It is used to lubricate the elements of different systems, and is also used as a fluid for hydraulics. Let us consider in more detail the characteristics and types of these lubricating fluids.
Classification
Industrial oil is divided according to different parameters. For example, according to the method of production, they are in the form of:
- residual obtained by the release of tar from asphalt;
- distillate produced by distillation of fuel oil in a vacuum;
- a compounding mixture made by mixing the distillate and residual oil.
Depending on the scope of use, they are:
- motor;
- hydraulic;
- transmission.
Also has various private characteristics industrial oil. This is density, viscosity, and so on.
Additives with different purposes are added to the lubricant base to achieve the desired effect. Among them, depressants are distinguished, which increase wear resistance, viscosity, as well as anti-corrosion, detergents and many others. In percentage terms, the content of additives can be from 8 to 20%.
Scope of application
Industrial oil is usually used for:
- increase the life of the units;
- corrosion protection;
- reduced friction between parts;
- temperature reduction during friction.
Oil is used as a material for the possibility of operation at high speeds of various mechanisms. Special additives are added to units operating under certain loads, in adverse conditions or abrasive environments.
The industrial oil, which was in use and which was restored, is used for hardening, grinding, polishing and preservation.
Oil-based emulsions are used in the form of coolants and for lubrication in leather fatliquoring and building materials.
GOST
Industrial oil must meet certain requirements. They are set out in the state standard under the number 20799-88. According to this document, industrial lubricants have the following characteristics.
The density is 890 kilograms per cubic meter. The transmission of power of the hydraulic fluid depends on this indicator. With increasing density, the size of its transmission decreases, but the power remains the same.
Viscosity - a parameter that varies depending on temperature, as well as on operating conditions. This indicator has a different index. Higher is characterized by greater fluidity at low temperatures.
Flash point means ignition of the lubricant.
The pour point affects the overflow and storage conditions.
The shade can be judged on the oxidation of the product.
Ash content reflects inorganic compounds after burning. It turns out that the greater the ash content, the lower the degree of purification. It should be no more than 0.4%.
Sulfur content and acid number indicate the degree of purification from these substances. The second is determined by the weight of caustic potassium.
Depending on the resistance to oxidation, the oil has a different duration of use. Low antioxidant property is characterized by a short duration of use.
Film formation can be used for different purposes, which will make its composition different (it can be wear-resistant, anti-corrosion, protective, moisture-proof, anti-foam, and so on).
Thanks to demulsifying indicators emulsions are created.
Motor oils
This type of oil is marked with the letter "M" and is divided into subspecies. Oils are A, B, C, D, D, E.
Groups A and B are suitable for unstressed or slightly boosted motors. B and D are designed for medium and high boosted units. D and E can only be used in ships and stationary diesel engines.
The numbers in the marking indicate the type of unit: 1 - these are carburetors, 2 - are suitable for diesel engines.
If necessary, it is allowed to mix oils belonging to the same group and for one season. But different seasonality and groups cannot be mixed with each other.
Gear oils
Transmission lubricants have similar goals to motor fluids. They are used to operate at high loads, in extreme temperature conditions and at a lower speed.
Labeling of such oils contains the following information:
- uppercase letters indicate the scope of use, where T is transmission, C is from granular raw materials, and A is automobile;
- lowercase indicates the presence of additives or distillate;
- the numbers indicate the viscosity index.
Sometimes, however, you can also meet the letter B. It means that this oil has industrial technical characteristics of improved quality. It modifies the version to which it belongs.
For low temperatures, Tsp-10 lubricant is considered the best indicator, which can be used year-round in the northern regions.
Hydraulic lubricants and their cost
In hydraulic systems, hydraulic lubricating fluid is used, which has ten classes of viscosity classification, motor fluid for atmospheric and diesel installations, as well as various industrial oils. The price of its various types varies. For example, ITD-68 lubricant costs only 42 rubles per kilogram, and I-40A - 68 rubles. Specialized oils are distinguished by higher prices.
These are the main characteristics of industrial lubricating fluids.