If there was a sudden stop of breathing, the patient urgently needs artificial ventilation. Most often, such assistance is provided to drowning people who are shocked by electric shock or who have received heat or sunstroke. This help may also be necessary in case of suffocation or severe poisoning. One way to ventilate is to blow air by mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose. Artificial ventilation of the lungs is performed until the victim is able to breathe on his own. Of course, the air inhaled by a person contains about seventeen percent of oxygen instead of the usual twenty-one, which is breathed in by a healthy individual. However, this is enough for the help to be complete.
So, if there are suspicions that the patient has stopped breathing, you need to immediately produce artificial respiration, without wasting precious time. When conducting a rescue operation for hygienic reasons, it is most advisable to use a handkerchief or a piece of gauze, making (or biting) in the middle a hole of two to three centimeters. Then, with this slot, apply tissue to the patient’s mouth and press his lips as tightly as possible onto his lips. Through this hole air will be blown.
For artificial ventilation of the lungs to be performed correctly, the rescuer needs to stand to the left of the patient’s head. If necessary, the oral cavity must be quickly cleaned of vomit. If the jaws are tightly closed, they must be moved apart immediately. After that, you need to lay back the victim’s head, putting one hand on his head and the other on his forehead. As a rule, the mouth opens.
First, the rescuer needs to take a deep breath, then, bending over to the patient, completely seal his mouth with his lips. It is also necessary to clamp the nostrils of the victim with the thumb and forefinger of the hand lying on his forehead.
Sometimes, making artificial respiration, the rescuer does not provide the necessary tightness, therefore, air leaks through the corners of the patient’s mouth, and all efforts are in vain. After making sure that everything is done correctly, you need to quickly make a strong exhalation into the respiratory tract of the victim. It should last about one second, its volume should be equal to 1 - 1.5 liters, in order to provide full stimulation of the respiratory center. It is imperative to ensure that the patient’s chest rises well when performing an artificial breath.
The victim should exhale for about two seconds. At this time, the rescuer needs to take a breath once or twice to replenish his air supply. Blowing should be done at a frequency of twenty-five to thirty times per minute.
Artificial ventilation of the lungs is performed by mouth-to-nose method if there is an injury to the jaw or lips, as well as if the victim's teeth are tightly clenched. One hand should be placed on his forehead, the other on the chin, bending his head and pressing the lower jaw to the upper. With the fingers supporting the chin, the rescuer needs to press the lower lip to ensure complete sealing of the patient's mouth. Having taken the deepest possible breath, the lifeguard covers the victim’s nose with his lips and blows air strongly through the nostrils. The movements of the chest of the patient should be constantly monitored.
Of course, the mechanical ventilation apparatus has a more effective effect on the body. It has a breathing bag with a pad of porous rubber, as well as a mask. When using this device, the patient's head must be thrown back and put on a mask on the nose and mouth, and at the same time extend the lower jaw forward. With one hand, the mask should be pressed tightly to the face in the nose with the thumb, and in the chin area with the index finger. The remaining fingers of this hand are used to grip the chin in order to tighten the lower jaw to the upper and keep it in the extended position. The second hand should be pressed on the breathing bag for inspiration, when you release your hand, exhale.
All rescue movements must be quick and collected, because human life depends on this.