A preschool site is a territory that teachers and parents can not put in order, but the students themselves. Consider some recommendations for such work, give an example of finished projects.
Features of the site
The school district, from the point of view of urban planners, is a territory of the urban landscape of special purpose. It is characterized by limited use. Currently, urban landscapes are turning into some kind of nucleus of anthropogenic destruction of wildlife. Human action on the urban environment has led to the fact that it is not capable of independent recovery.
In connection with the current situation, when creating space, environmental sustainability comes to the fore. This is one of the conditions for harmonizing the urban environment. The design of the school site makes it possible to restore the natural balance.
Theoretical basis
A new ecological-landscape approach to landscaping involves optimizing the territory, creating a stable ecosystem on it. The greening of the school site allows the use of innovative urban development technologies. On them, you can create experimental sites where children (during the holidays) will study the plant world and take care of living plantings.
Work stages
A preschool site is formed during several successive stages:
- land survey;
- design using landscape design;
- implementation of the created project;
- object maintenance.
At the first stage, a study of the soil, vegetation. The condition of the territory at the time of the design reflects the initial plan.
The design of the school site involves thinking about zoning, selecting plants, shrubs, drawing up the composition from the selected material, creating a master plan for the site, and preparing documentation.
Implementation is the organization of planned landscape objects, as well as the implementation of planting on the selected territory.
Landscaping of a school territory
In order to make a school site with your own hands, you need to take into account the specifics of the territory, as well as the costs of acquiring plants and shrubs. Planting care can be carried out by high school students, for this, teachers draw up a calendar-technological map. The annual plan includes practical classes for children on the site, as well as developing topics. Special attention should be paid to safety measures at the school site.
The selection of forms and methods of organizing work is determined depending on the level of training of students, the availability of practical skills, the material base of the educational institution.
The preschool site allows teachers to form the skills of a caring attitude towards wildlife in the younger generation.
Basic terms
Design is a term that refers to different types of design work, designed to form the functional and aesthetic qualities of the environment. Technical aesthetics is engaged in the study of technical, social, cultural problems of forming a harmonious subject environment obtained by means of industrial production to create optimal conditions for life, work, and people’s relaxation. The landscape design project is a set of documents:
- general plan;
- planting drawing showing the location of shrubs and trees;
- Center drawing
- assortment of planting material;
- scheduling
- action schedule;
- settlement estimate;
- explanatory note.
Project Sections
Teachers and parents can develop a plan for a school site together with schoolchildren, taking into account their suggestions and interesting ideas.
The project can include the following sections:
- detailed sketches of flower beds, garden sections;
- vertical planning plan;
- perspective drawings of some elements of the landscape: small architectural forms, sports fields;
- set of working drawings.
Stages of landscape design
Inspection of the school site consists of several stages:
- visual inspection;
- topographic survey;
- soil analysis;
- site hydrology characteristics;
- its illumination at different times of the day.
There is a certain algorithm by which a master plan is drawn up. The school site project should be started by determining the size of the territory. Next, the optimal drawing scale is selected. Then outline the boundaries, outline the orientation of the site relative to the cardinal points, establish the number of structures.
Plants of the school site should be selected taking into account the climatic conditions of the area. On the master plan, the main building of the school, additional facilities, ponds, green plants and shrubs are indicated by serial number.
Design elements
Trees in the school grounds should be placed so that they can be freely moved between them. To do this, it is important to equip paths on the school grounds. They will not only give the created design originality and individuality, but will also fulfill several functional purposes.
For their decoration, you can use several types of coatings: stone, tile, concrete, wood, grass. Laying the material can be carried out on sand, cement mortar.
On the school site, it is most convenient to use concrete slabs. Manufacturers offer them in the form of hexagons, waves, bricks. In one part of the site, grassy paths can also be distinguished, on the basis of which a biology teacher, along with his pupils, will be able to conduct environmental excursions for schoolchildren.
There are several destinations for paths and paths created on school grounds. They not only divide the entire plot into separate zones, but also act as a separate element of the aesthetic and artistic decision of the garden.
The school sites, photos of which are given below, fit into the general concept of the educational institution.
Flower beds
The flowerbed can be made rectangular, round, square, oval. Along its edge, a small strip of curb or lawn for low plants is allowed. In order to choose the right plants for landscape design of the school site, it is important to consider the following parameters:
- harmony of color combination;
- height and specificity of growth;
- correct seating in the flower bed;
- Avoidance of complex patterns.
The border selected for the design of flower beds should differ in color from the base tone of the created flower arrangement.
Border plants should be stunted, growing in a smooth dense bush, resistant to adverse weather conditions. Among such plants that are optimally suited for the site, we note low-growing marigolds, pansies, daisies. Work on a school site should be interesting and informative for children from a biological point of view. That is why it is possible to create modular flower beds near the school, which will not only delight others with their original flowering, but will also become a visual aid in botany for schoolchildren.
When organizing a modular flower garden in one area, it is assumed that the shape will be repeated several times in a given shape. The flower bed area is divided into a modular grid; at its core, for example, a rectangle is made. Flowers are planted in the prepared figures, then gravel and pebbles are laid.
Lawn
Each school site has a certain look. In order to separate some elements, you can use a grassy lawn. By it is meant a plot of soil that is sown with a dense layer of cereals. In order for the lawn to have a neat appearance, you need to cut it regularly. Among the mandatory work related to the care of the lawn, note:
- regular haircut (about 20-30 times during the season);
- regularity of watering;
- trimming the edges;
- the application of mineral fertilizers in spring and autumn;
- weed control;
- piercing;
- sweeping;
- combing with a special rake.
Arrangement of rock garden
This is one of the oldest types of European rocky garden, which has retained certain features of rocky compositions. The classic version of the rock garden is a symmetrical structure, reminiscent of a "holiday cake." The upper part of the rock garden has a large conical block, which is associated with the top of the mountain, and along the slopes it can be balanced with massive flat stones. Such a construction is quite appropriate on school grounds, it can be overlaid with paths or curbs made of flat stones.
Nature is a unique natural system, all of whose elements are interconnected. Man is also part of wildlife. That is why it is so important to attract students to the improvement of the territory near the educational institution.
Children's project for the improvement of the school site
Students decided to make a small contribution to restoring natural balance. A project was created that allowed us to transform the school site for the better.
Purpose of work: ecological and aesthetic change of the school territory.
Project Objectives:
- decorative transformation of the territory around the educational institution;
- creation of optimal conditions for the work of the summer camp, the rest of children outside school hours;
- activation of cognitive interest in biology;
- the formation in the younger generation of the need for improvement and conservation of nature.
Among the expected results of the implementation of this project, we note:
- creation of a landscaped plot;
- satisfaction of the ecological and aesthetic condition of the territory;
- students gain practical skills in caring for flowers and shrubs.
The project is a group, long-term, practice-oriented event. Within its framework, the guys analyze the possibility of using soil on the site for organizing flower beds, trying to create a real alpine hill near the school.
This project does not involve serious economic costs. Small expenses are needed for the purchase of flower seeds, the schoolchildren themselves are engaged in the cultivation of seedlings under the guidance of a biology teacher.
In the fall, a survey of schoolchildren is conducted, the purpose of which is to obtain information about the willingness of children to take an active part in the improvement of the school grounds. Then, together with the technology teacher, the students draw up a master plan, think through all the green spaces, small architectural forms that will be located on the decorated territory. First, students create sketches of flower beds and an alpine hill, make adjustments based on the recommendations of specialists.
In order to properly care for planted flowers and shrubs, members of the project team study the literature on landscape design.
In technology lessons, boys prepare boxes for growing seedlings, girls sow annual flower crops.
In the spring, the project goes into the main stage. According to the plan, flower beds are organized on the school grounds, a mixture of soil and peat is laid in them. The care of the planted flowers is carried out by a team of high school students, led by a biology teacher.
In autumn, the results of the project are summed up, a presentation is made. The authors of the project present the results of their activities in the framework of research conferences.
Information in conclusion
Landscaping of the school grounds is a complex and responsible event. Such an event involves serious preliminary work, consisting of several successive stages. Involving children in ennobling the area around their school is an excellent way of educating the younger generation of patriotism. In addition to obtaining a significant amount of theoretical skills, the guys gain new social experience. They increase their environmental awareness.
As part of the project, practical skills are developed to study, evaluate, improve the environment near the school. Adolescents develop independence, they change their attitude towards environmental problems. After the introduction of new educational standards in the educational institutions of the Russian Federation, project activity became one of the priority areas of activity at all levels of education. Children can become active participants in the implementation of their project aimed at improving the school grounds.