Each time, getting to the hospital, especially for performing surgical intervention, one involuntarily thinks about how mankind has come to such a science. Famous surgeons know everything. Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich - one of the most famous doctors - anatomist, founder of anesthesia, member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Childhood
The future doctor was born on November 13, 1810 in Moscow. Pirogov's family looked as follows: father Ivan Ivanovich was the treasurer. Grandfather Ivan Mikheich - military, came from a peasant family. Mother Elizaveta Ivanovna from a merchant family. The younger Nikolai had 5 brothers and sisters. In total, parents had 14 children, but many died very early.
He did not study at the boarding house for long, but due to financial problems he was forced to continue his studies at home. A very positive effect was made by a family friend, doctor-professor E. Mukhin.
The boy learned to read early, and by the age of eight he had read more than a dozen books and magazines in different languages.
University
A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich as a doctor begins with the fact that at the age of fourteen he was enrolled in the Moscow Institute of Medicine. The scientific base was scarce, and during the training the future doctor did not perform a single operation. But given the enthusiasm of the teenager, few teachers and classmates doubted that Pirogov was a surgeon. Over time, the desire to heal only intensified. For the future doctor, treating people has become the meaning of his life.
Further activities
In 1828, the institute was successfully completed. An eighteen-year-old doctor went abroad for further training and obtaining a professorship. Only eight years later, he got what he wanted and became the head of the surgical department of the university of the Estonian city of Dorpat (real name - Tartu).
As a student, the rumor about him went far beyond the school.
In 1833 he left for Berlin, where he was struck by the lack of modern local surgery. However, he was pleasantly impressed with the skills and technique of German colleagues.
In 1841 Pirogov returned to Russia and entered the work at the Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg.
For fifteen years of his work, the doctor has become very popular among all walks of life. Scientists appreciated his deep knowledge and determination. The poor people remember Nikolai Ivanovich as an unselfish doctor. People knew that Pirogov was a surgeon who could heal for free, and even help the most financially needy.
Military medical practice
A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich can tell about his participation in many clashes and military conflicts:
- The Caucasian War (1847).
- Crimean War (1854-1855).
- Franco-Prussian War (1870, as part of the Red Cross Corps).
- Russian-Turkish war (1877)
Scientific activity
Pirogov - medicine! The name of the doctor and science are forever merged together.
The world saw the scientist’s works, which laid the foundation for operational assistance to the wounded on the battlefield. “The father of Russian surgery” - Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich. The contribution to medicine cannot be briefly described, the activities carried out by him are so extensive.
The teachings on injuries caused by various weapons, including gunshots, their cleaning and disinfection, body reactions, injuries, complications, bleeding, severe injuries, limb immobility, are only a small part of what the great doctor left to the heirs. His texts are still used today in teaching students of many disciplines.
The atlas of Pirogov's “Topographic Anatomy” gained worldwide fame.
The sixteenth of October 1846 is a significant date in history. For the first time for humanity, an operation was performed using complete general anesthesia. Ether was the soporific substance.
A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich cannot but mention that it was the doctor who gave the scientific justification and for the first time successfully applied anesthesia. The problem of the impossibility of muscle relaxation and the presence of reflexes during surgery was now resolved.
Like any innovation, ether was tested on animals - dogs and calves. Then on assistants. And only after successful trials, anesthesia began to be used both in planned operations and in rescuing the wounded on the battlefield.
Another type of euthanasia has been successfully tested - chloroform. For several years, the number of operations has come close to a thousand surgical interventions.
I had to abandon the intravenous use of ether. Deaths were frequent. Only at the beginning of the twentieth century, doctors Kravkov and Fedorov were able to solve this problem when researching a new drug - “Hedonal”. This method of anesthesia is still often called "Russian."
The most popular still was the inhalation of vapors of a soporific substance.
The scientist tirelessly trained doctors in all corners of the country he visited. He performed operations directly in front of patients so that they could see for themselves with their own eyes that this intervention was safe.
The articles he wrote were translated into the main European languages - German, French, Italian, English - and published in leading print media.
At the dawn of discovery, doctors even came from America in order to learn the latest method.
Sorting and treatment
A brief biography of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich contains information about research and the invention of an apparatus that significantly improves inhalation capabilities.
The great physician also moved from imperfect starch dressings to cast in 1852.
At Pirogov’s insistence, female nurses appeared in military medical institutions. I thank the doctor for the training of this type of medical staff has received a powerful development.
Thanks to the influence of Nikolai Ivanovich, sorting of the wounded was introduced. In total there were five categories - from hopeless to those who needed minimal help.
Thanks to this simple approach, the speed of transportation to other medical institutions has increased many times. Which gave a chance not only for life, but also for a complete recovery.
Earlier, when several hundred people arrived, chaos reigned at the same time in reception rooms, help was provided too slowly.
In the nineteenth century, there was still no mature science about vitamins. Pirogov was firmly convinced that carrots and fish oil help in accelerating recovery. The term “medical nutrition” is introduced to the world. The doctor prescribed "walks in the fresh air" to his patients. He paid considerable attention to hygiene.
Pirogov’s assets also include many plastic surgeries and installation of prostheses. Successfully applied osteoplasty.
A family
The doctor was married twice. The first wife, Ekaterina Berezina, left our world early - at only twenty-four years.
Children of Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich saw the world - Nikolai and Vladimir.
The second wife is Baroness Alexander von Bistrom.
Memory
Nikolai Ivanovich died on November 23, 1881 on his estate near Vinnitsa. The body was embalmed (also the opening of Pirogov) and placed in a glass sarcophagus. Currently, you can pay tribute to the scientist in the basement of the local Orthodox church.
In the military medical museum of St. Petersburg you can see the doctor’s personal belongings, manuscripts and a suicide note with a diagnosis.
Grateful descendants immortalized the memory of a genius in numerous congresses, readings named after Nikolai Ivanovich. Monuments and busts are open in many cities of different countries. The name of the surgeon are institutes and universities, hospitals and hospitals, blood transfusion stations, streets, and the Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, embankment and even an asteroid.
In 1947, the feature film "Pies" was shot.
Bulgaria expressed its memory by the stamp of a postage stamp in 1977 with the name "100 years since the arrival of the academician."