A successful selection of management methods guarantees the team production success for a long time. However, developing management technologies recommend rejecting outdated methods or combining them with new ones in the context of a changing economic strategy.
What is the art of leadership?
Management in any area of human activity is based on a large theoretical and practical foundation. Scientific research shows that it is more successful there, where more than a leader has the following skills:
- study and accounting of the structure of production, its specifics and patterns of functioning, as well as the labor collective;
- analysis of the current state of internal and external relations;
- use, combination and variation of active methods of organizing production and human resources;
- application of methods for forecasting and monitoring the results of management.
A scientific approach to one’s own activity, the ability to recognize one’s own mistakes, to identify the nature of production successes and failures are inherent in a new type of leader. These qualities are an indispensable element of the art of management.
Although management is an art, the people involved in it will achieve better results if they understand and use the science underlying this art. When the importance of the effectiveness and efficiency of group cooperation is recognized in any society, we can safely say that management is the most important of all arts.
The head is constantly looking for new areas of work of the enterprise, methods for their organization, control. In addition, he must form a workable and responsible team of performers.
Management functions
The existence of any enterprise is impossible without communication links between its structural links and without mastery of management methods. These are prerequisites for the accurate and timely performance of the functions of a leader:
- Planning. It is based on an accurate analysis of the current state of affairs in production: the availability and quality of materials, equipment, human resources, working conditions, relations with external partners, existing and possible difficulties, etc. As a result of planning, the goals of the entire enterprise and its individual structural units are formulated, means and methods of their achievement. Possible adjustments to the plan in the event of new positive ideas and opportunities or unforeseen obstacles, changes in the conditions of activity.
- Organization. It consists in the distribution of tasks, duties, powers to implement the plan between the individual members of the team and its units (formal and informal). Each contractor must clearly understand the goals of his activity, its content and place in the general process of labor, means, methods of fulfilling the duties assigned to him.
- Positive motivation of performers. Management objectives will not be achieved on time and in full, if there is no material or internal, psychological interest in this performers. The leader should be well aware of the needs of his subordinates and satisfy them in exchange for high productivity and quality of labor, based on the possibilities of production: material remuneration, reward for conscientious work in the form of vacation tickets, moral reward, promotion, etc.
- Control function. Forms and terms of control (intermediate, final) are introduced by the head into the enterprise’s work plan during its preparation. This allows you to compare the results of activity with the intended ones and identify those reasons that lead to a decrease in productivity, quality of labor, to an increase in costs, etc.
Management functions are interconnected. The manager must be able to find one correct solution from many of its options, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise.
Leadership methods, their classification
Successful implementation of managerial functions leads to the achievement of goals. At each stage of the activity, the manager must correctly choose specific ways of solving production problems.
Management methods - these are the ways of moving to the desired result through the impact on its participants. Their choice depends on what specific function the manager currently performs, what controls are available to him.
The system of management methods is a large number of options for their use in various combinations and depending on the goals. Their classification is carried out according to various criteria: by scale, areas of use, goals (for example, developing, stimulating), management functions, objects (individual, group). In addition, they are theoretical and practical, widely used direct and indirect, general and particular.
The choice of leadership methods should not violate the rights of its facilities, offend the personal dignity of people.
Organization and Administration
Organizational management methods are means of regulating industrial relations, that is, administration. Built on discipline, coercion to fulfill duties is not ruled out. Used in the operational management and development of promising solutions:
- organization and stabilization methods determine the structure of an enterprise or organization in accordance with the law: departments, workshops, positions - charter, regulation, accounting rules, etc .;
- rationing their interactions - an order, an order;
- instructing process participants in accordance with established production requirements - job descriptions, orders, recommendations.
Monitoring the effectiveness of the use of management organization methods is an indispensable component of the activity of a manager at any level. It is carried out through scheduled and unscheduled inspections of the execution of orders, orders, instructions, established standards and rules.
Economic methods
These are effective ways to stimulate the personal interest of each employee in the results of his work and the work of the whole team. The promotion of honesty, honest work, personal discipline and organization, a useful initiative most often occurs in the form of bonuses, higher wages, a valuable gift, vacation packages, loans with a reduced interest rate, life and health insurance, etc.
The essence of economic methods is to create an effective mechanism of work by influencing the economic interests of workers and economic counterparties using prices, wages, credit, profits, taxes and other economic levers. (Fundamentals of management: study guide / under the editorship of D.E.E., prof. V.I.
Thus, economic management methods are ways of developing industrial relations and pushing people to actively participate in the technical improvement of the enterprise and increase its economic competitiveness.
Psychological Aspects of Management
Administrative and economic methods must necessarily be supplemented by methods of individual, group, collective educational impact, focused on moral and ethical norms and rules accepted in society.
Socio-psychological management methods are ways to activate social behavior and consciousness of employees. Their choice requires taking into account the individual characteristics of a person, intra-group relations and ties in the team, already established traditions. Some of them require encouragement and development, others, on the contrary, correction. The purpose of these management methods is to create such working conditions under which a person develops a desire for the most creative professional self-expression.
The choice of means of influence on team members at the stage of its formation is determined by the fact that people are not yet adapted to new working conditions and requirements. Therefore, they are maximally informed about the goals of their joint activities, rules of conduct, requirements for the organization of labor, etc. An analysis of the formation of the team will reveal its leaders and outsiders, active and passive workers.
Gradually, as the culture of relationships develops, the leader should use methods of encouraging and supporting business properties, personal qualities of people - approval, positive example, demonstration of respectful attitude. An important example is tactful behavior, cultural and friendly speech of the leader himself.
The most effective management method is a combination of moral and material incentives for conscientious and responsible workers. But one cannot but take into account that in some cases such methods of punishment for unsatisfactory results of work, unethical behavior in the team, and for discipline violations may turn out to be such. Their choices range from reprimanding to motivated dismissal. In any case, encouragement and punishment must be fair in the eyes of subordinates.