On the body of any person you can find a mole. They can be congenital or acquired. The first type is also called the nevus, while the second - birthmark. Normally, they do not pose a danger, however, if a mole peels off, you should pay close attention to it.
Mole
On the skin, you can count about 30 entities of different sizes, having a dark color. Such an amount is quite normal. Such moles do not pose a health hazard. Nevus differs from the surrounding skin by a high content of melanin - this determines the color of the formation. Normally, the color of the mole can be black, red, beige or even bluish.
They can occur due to hormonal disruptions, a genetic predisposition or a large amount of time spent in the sun.
It is very important to remember that over time, nevi can degenerate. Therefore, they need to be observed and, in case of any suspicion, consult a specialist.
So, if before the education did not cause any trouble and suddenly began to itch, peel off - the mole requires observation. If other changes are detected, a doctor's consultation is necessary.
Why is a mole peeling?
There are several reasons why education can itch:
- increased dry skin;
- insufficient amount of vitamins in the diet;
- the beginning of degeneration into melanoma: if the surface of the mole from smooth and soft has become rough, it is better not to delay it with a trip to the doctor.
Reason to see a doctor
If you have many moles, you need to monitor them anyway, since this is no longer the usual situation. In addition, the occurrence of the following symptoms may be a “bell”:
- suppuration or bleeding formation;
- burning or tingling in a mole;
- the appearance of compaction on the surface of the nevus and in its middle;
- soreness when touching or even at rest;
- rapid mole growth in a relatively short time;
- unexpected color change;
- change in structure - tubercles, roughness, shape may appear.
If any of the signs is found, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice.
Reasons why a mole can be reborn
Doctors warn that if a mole flakes on the body, this may indicate the beginning of its degeneration. The reasons why this happens may be as follows:
- Mechanical effect on the nevus. For example, a mole under the hair is easy to touch with a comb. With active massage, it is easy to damage the formation on the back. Often, nevi are injured by clothing if they are in places of tight fit: in the area of the cuffs, on the lower back, neck or ankles. As a result of injury, blood may appear. When healing, the nevus sometimes increases in size. If he blushed, changed shape, gives an unpleasant sensation - it is likely that he was injured.
- Hormonal disbalance. Taking drugs with a high hormone content can lead to changes in formations. This option is typical for adolescence or pregnancy.
- Removing hairs by pulling. Torn hair is not just a trauma, but also a wonderful door for germs. The hairs from moles cannot be pulled out - you should carefully trim them near the skin itself, using a clean tool.
- Thermal burns. These include exposure to high temperatures in the bath, burns from the sun or chemicals. If, after visiting the sauna, itching began in the mole, then such events should be avoided.
- UV exposure. This is the main reason for the division of diseased cells, so this reason should be considered in more detail.
Ultraviolet
Danger to the skin occurs in the summer - in the season when the skin is exposed to prolonged exposure to the sun. The harm is underestimated, but in vain. Every year, the ozone layer above the planet becomes thinner, so the rays of the sun penetrate deeper into the atmosphere, more actively affecting the skin. Now getting a burn is much easier than a few years ago.
If a benign formation remains accessible to ultraviolet for a long time, it can begin to hurt, change color, itch, increase. If such signs are observed on the skin - we are talking about oncogenic changes. Care should be taken to avoid sunburn, especially to those who:
- has fair skin;
- has a large number of moles, freckles, age spots;
- has uneven springs with a heterogeneous color - especially with a darker central part;
- Has a relative suffering from skin cancer.
Diagnostics
It is very difficult to independently understand whether a mole change is normal. Moreover, do not self-medicate. Consulting with a doctor is very important because delay or lack of treatment can be too expensive. All formations are examined at the hospital (even if you have many moles).
If changes are found even in just one of them, this indicates a violation of body functions. In this case, one spot can be completely safe, while the other can be threatening. The most dangerous consequence of changes in the structure of the mole is the formation of melanoma, which is also called black cancer.
If a mole on the cheek begins to itch, as in any other place, an oncologist's consultation is necessary. He will find out at what time the nevus itself appeared, when changes and so on were noticed. Research is needed to determine if change is dangerous.
It is very important to understand that a mole should not be injured during the study, since this can cause the formation of a poor-quality tumor.
Research
The nature of education is revealed using the following analyzes:
- Histological studies. For this, a smear is taken from the bleeding surface. It is examined, after which the formation, for example, a mole on the cheek, can be removed surgically. The resulting material is examined in more detail.
- Computer diagnostics. The safest way to find out why a mole is flaking. The camera transmits an enlarged image of the nevus to a computer that processes the data and makes a conclusion.
- Epiluminescent microscopy. The most modern way - optics is attached to a mole without damaging it. The decision is made by defining the structure.
How to remove moles with modern methods
Indications for removal are cosmetic problems or suspicions of oncology. In any case, it is up to the doctor to decide whether moles can be removed on the body.
It is very important to know: if there is a suspicion of melanoma, it is completely removed, including about 5 cm around.
Cosmetic method
It is possible to remove the mole with a laser. This is the most popular way. The small diameter of the impact and the possibility of point removal allows you to not affect the surrounding tissue. This technique does not leave scars and scars.
Cryodestruction. This technique involves the use of extremely low temperatures. Apply only to those spots that do not rise above the surrounding tissues.
Surgery. It is difficult to remove a mole with a laser if it is large and has penetrated into the deeper layers of the skin. Therefore, you have to resort to surgical intervention. Unfortunately, quite large scars remain in this situation.
Radiosurgery. Such an operation is done in a non-contact manner, using radio waves. As a result, no scars remain, so the method is in demand.
Electrocoagulation The method is based on the use of current. Before the procedure, a histological examination is necessary . After the procedure, a subtle scar remains.
A dermatological examination must be regularly performed to minimize the risk of moles degenerating into melanoma.