Correctional colonies in Russia are called the type of institutions whose purpose is to ensure the serving of sentences by persons sentenced by a court decision to imprisonment who have reached full age.
Depending on the category of crime, degree and nature of public danger, there are several types of such places for convicts.
Types of correctional colonies
There are several types of colonies depending on the severity of the conditions of detention of convicts. These are correctional facilities with a special, strict and general regime. It is also a colony settlement.
In institutions with a certain regime of detention, separate sites with different norms may be created. For example, in a strict security institution, there may be a site with a general regime of detention. Let's consider them in more detail.
Settlement colonies
In these institutions are persons convicted of crimes that have occurred through negligence. There are also prisoners who have been transferred from strict or general regime colonies. And yet - for illegal acts of moderate or minor gravity (provided that the person has not been previously sentenced to imprisonment).
General regime correctional facilities
General regime colonies in Russia contain several groups of prisoners:
1. Persons convicted of a serious crime intentionally, previously not deprived of their liberty by a court decision.
2. Those who were transferred by the court from the colony-settlement because of a violation of the order established in the institution.
3. Convicts who have reached the age of majority and transferred to a correctional colony with a general regime.
4. Prisoners who have committed grave or especially grave unlawful acts at a minor age who have reached it by the time they pronounce a sentence.
5. Women who have committed crimes of special gravity or serious (also including relapse).
6. Convicts who have repeatedly committed medium or low gravity illegal acts. Also committed crimes by negligence, for which the court did not impose a punishment in the form of detention in prison colonies before relapse.
7. Persons who have reached twenty-one years and transferred by decision of the head of the educational colony to an institution with a general regime.
High Security Prisons
In colonies with strict regime contains several categories of persons:
1. Convicts transferred on the basis of a court decision from a colony-settlement because of a violation of a certain order established in the colony.
2. Persons who have committed crimes of special gravity. They had not previously been imprisoned by court order.
3. Persons who have served their sentences in institutions with special treatment for at least half the term and transferred to a strict colony.
4. Prisoners who have already served their sentences in prison , as well as those convicted of a dangerous relapse.
Special regime prisons
Institutions of such a plan contain convicts sentenced to life imprisonment. There are also persons who, by way of pardon, have been commuted to a life sentence. Also, people convicted of crimes of special gravity.
Women's Correctional Colony
The severity of the crime determines the conditions and regime of the institution established by the court verdict. Women's colonies can be with a general regime or strict, as well as a colony settlement.
High security prisons contain dangerous recidivists. The colony settlements contain women who have committed crimes of medium or minor gravity. Also there are for illegal acts committed by negligence. There are women who have been transferred from more severe conditions of serving their sentences. Colonies with a general regime contain convicts who have committed crimes of special gravity and serious acts.
Any women's colony of the general regime includes strict, facilitated and normal conditions for serving a sentence.
For all prisoners entering a correctional facility, detention is provided within the usual framework.
Women who intentionally committed crimes during their stay in correctional institutions are transferred to strict conditions for violation of a certain order. Also persons redirected from light or normal conditions of detention.
The general regime colony regime provides for the movement from strict conditions to the usual framework. The transfer is carried out no earlier than after six months of the serving of the sentence, provided that there is no violation of the order by the convicted person.
Change the conditions of serving is possible only by decision of a special commission.
General Colony Mode
In the institutions under consideration, convicts are held in special rooms - dormitories or isolated closed sections. Prisoners in the colony are entitled to monthly expenditures of a certain amount of funds from an individual personal account. The regime of the general regime colony, depending on the conditions, provides for the right of the convict to six or two short visits a year. They are carried out by telephone. Long visits in the general regime colony are provided in the amount of two, four or six times a year. Convicts are entitled to receive parcels and parcels. Their annual number depends on the conditions of detention.
The general regime penal colony contains residential and industrial areas (for work). There is also a chamber-type room there, and punishment isolators with a walking yard.
The living area is divided into three areas of detention: lightweight, strict and normal conditions. A convicted person, subject to certain requirements, has the right to transfer from one detention condition to another. All this is based on the decision of a special commission.
Accommodation in hostels is allowed under light and normal conditions of detention. With strict standards of stay, convicts are held in isolated, locked rooms.
High security colony mode
In high security colonies, convicts are held in dormitories. The conditions of detention are strict, lightweight and ordinary with the possibility of transferring from one condition to another. Convicts are entitled to spend funds on their personal account. The amount to be spent depends on the conditions of detention. Also, convicts, depending on the conditions of detention, have the right to two, three or four short visits and three, four or two long; four, six or two parcels and four, six or two parcels per year.
Strict conditions of detention provide for the convict to live in locked rooms, increased control and supervision of them. Their right to movement is significantly limited, and the degree of isolation increases.
Differences between strict correctional colonies and general regime institutions
The colony of strict regime and general have significant differences from one another. In order to study them, we use the table.
General content mode | Strict content |
Men who have committed serious crimes without a criminal record are serving their sentences. Also - women committing crimes of special gravity, serious, including relapse. | Men serving their sentences who were not previously held criminally responsible for crimes of special gravity, in the recurrence of crimes (if not previously sentenced to imprisonment). |
Conditions for detention: lightweight, ordinary and strict. | Content in conditions: lightweight, ordinary and strict. |
Under normal conditions of detention, the regime of a general regime colony provides for the residence of convicts in dormitories; monthly it is allowed to spend funds from personal accounts in the amount of three minimum wages; six short and four long dates per year are allowed; It is allowed to receive six parcels and the same number of parcels or transmissions per year. | Under normal conditions of detention, convicts: live in dormitories; monthly have the right to spend funds from personal accounts in the amount of two minimum wages; have the right to three long and three short dates and to receive four parcels and four parcels or programs during the year. |
The maintenance in a penal colony under light conditions implies: the convicts living in dormitories; permission to spend monthly funds from personal accounts without limitation; six long and equally short dates throughout the year; the right to receive twelve parcels, the same number of parcels or transmissions per year. By decision of the head of the correctional colony, six months before the end of the term, the prisoner can be released from custody, which allows him to work and live outside the penal colony. The administration of the colony supervises such convicts. Women may be allowed to live outside the colony with their children and family. | Under light conditions: live in dormitories; vested with the right to spend (monthly) from personal accounts funds in the amount of three minimum wages; four long and short dates per year are envisaged; have the right to receive six parcels or transmissions and the same number of parcels per year. |
Under strict conditions of detention, a penal colony of general regime assumes the living of convicts in locked rooms; from personal accounts spending no more than two minimum wages; dates - two long and the same short-term during the year; three parcels, three parcels or transfers per year; daily hour and a half walks. Women enjoy the same rights. | When kept in strict conditions: convicts are held in locked rooms; from personal accounts they are allowed to spend funds in the amount of one minimum wage; There are two long and one short dates per year; it is allowed to receive two parcels and parcels or transfers; daily hour and a half walk. |