The largest tributary of the Moskva River within the Russian capital is the Yauza River. The area of the pool in which it is located is 452 km 2 . Its length is 48 km, and its width varies from 20 to 65 m, mainly this discrepancy is due to the artificial expansion of the channel. A river flows in the north-eastern and central regions of Moscow. In 1908, it was called the official border of Moscow, on the site between the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft and the confluence of the river. Hooves. The floodplain of the Yauza River is located in the Northeast district of the capital. It is surrounded by small meadows and fields. Water supply is 90% snowy.
Description
The Yauza River has 12 right tributaries (Chernogryazka, Sukromka and others) and 5 left (Golden Horn, Ichka). On its banks was erected the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman. The water stream flows through the villages of Taininka, Perlovka, the cities of Moscow and Mytishchi. On its banks are the temples of St. Seraphim of Sarov and St. Sergius of Radonezh, as well as the Andronikov Monastery. However, these are not all the attractions that can be seen floating on it. On its banks there are palaces: Catherine and Lefortovsky. It falls into the Moscow River. This place is located in the Great Ustyinsky Bridge. The source of the Yauza River is a swamp in Elk Island.
Geographic features
Yauza stretched across Moscow for 27 km, emerging from the Moscow Ring Road to Broad Street. It flows through the Babushkinsky district and Sviblovo, the Botanical Garden, Prospect Mira, then falls into the “embrace” of the embankment in Sokolniki. Before entering the Moskva River, it flows through Lefortovo and Zemlyanoy Val.
The floodplain of the Yauza River is practically in its natural state only in the area between Elk Island and Sokolniki. We can say that this site has not affected the age of technology at all. Here it is partially covered by forest. While other areas are mostly boggy or are wastelands with weeds. In 60-70 years. due to constant work to expand the channel, the water level in Yauza has significantly decreased. In order to fill it, canals were built connecting the Volga basin, the Khimki reservoir and the Golovinsky ponds. Thanks to the construction of such a path, the Likhobork inflow was filled with water that spread throughout the Yauza River.
Toponymy
In some ancient chronicles, the name of the Yauza River sounded like Auza. Scientists believe that the hydronym originated from the Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages. Most likely, the name “Yauza” is associated with the Baltic word Auzes, as well as its appellatives Auzaine, Auzajs, which means “spruce”, “straw”, “stalk of oats”.
Historical Information about the Yauza River
The Yauza water stream was almost always navigable, connecting the south of Russia with Vladimir. In ancient chronicles it was said that it was a fairly important waterway of the city. In the XVII century a fleet was created on it. Peter I, the last tsar and first emperor of Russia, dreamed that it was she who would connect the Volga and the Moscow River. A factory was built here on which the sails were made.
On the islands near Yauza, there were mills that grind grain, so people living in the district were mainly engaged in the sale of bread. In ancient times, the river was an important outlet, but with the rapid development of technology, it quickly lost its significance. Now it is used for excursions in the largest city of Russia, telling people a story and showing the sights.
Shipping development
The Yauza River in Moscow is navigable, but only in the interval from Preobrazhenskaya Square to the Moscow River. There are 23 bridges for pedestrians, 28 for cars, 6 for trams, and 6 for railways on the water stream. Here you can see small vessels. And during technical work, it is often possible to meet large ships of the Mosvodostok organization. It is this enterprise that is engaged in maintaining the state of the river, monitoring its purity.
The shipping area can also be called a distance of two kilometers from the Yaroslavl highway to the Bogatyrsky bridge. Here most often motorbots appear. Earlier in 2000, this zone was used in the reconstruction of Yauza, using technical vessels. The water stream is not very wide. Almost all shipping zones are quite narrow - no more than 25 m, with the exception of the downstream area, which is adjacent to the Yauza hydroelectric complex. Its width is almost 65 m. Here the river is surrounded by concrete embankments, whose height reaches 3 m.
Shipping areas are represented by the “Do not drop anchor” sign. The dam is equipped with red lights, the gateway of the Syromyatnichesky waterworks - with traffic lights.
Unfortunately, in the Middle Ages, the Yauza River, the photos present in the sources, amaze with beauty, was of great importance for the state than now.
Syromyatnichesky waterworks
Syromyatnichesky waterworks was built in 1940. It is located on the Yauza River near its mouth. The name comes from the Rawhide settlement nearby. The parking lot of Modovodostok is equipped here. The ships of this organization transport garbage collected on the Yauza and Moscow River to a special base, carry out general cleaning work and monitor the environmental status.
Ten years ago, repairs were made at the waterworks. During these works, the gateway was completely repaired and the dam gate replaced. Earlier, the city administration repaired the walls of the embankments.
Animal and plant world
The source of the Yauza River is not particularly rich in fish. In the upper reaches of the water stream perch, roach live, and in the lower you can meet asp, bleak, pike. Geese, mallard, cane oatmeal, Canadian goose often appear here , and many birds also nest.
Like all polluted rivers, plants and animals such as phyto- and zooplankton, zoobenthos (leeches and ponds are most common), above-water, with floating leaves and underwater algae are characteristic. This poverty of flora and fauna was mainly influenced by location. Being within the boundaries of a big city and having a huge number of factories and factories on its banks, the river is often amenable to severe pollution: oil waste and untreated sewage. Fish simply cannot survive in such conditions. Scientists have recorded several cases of mass poisoning.
A few words about the Moscow River
Talking about r. Yauza, you can not ignore her mouth - the Moscow River. It is the main artery of the capital of the Russian Federation. Its total length is 502 km. The Moscow River originates from a large swamp near Starky (Smolensk region). It falls near the city of Kolomna in Oka. Since ancient times, it was an important enough water body for the state, uniting Novgorod and Smolensk, Volga and Don. Its same significance remains to this day. The origin of the name of the river is associated with the Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Slavic languages. The exact version does not exist.
About 30-35 species of fish are found in the Moscow River. The most common bream, roach and perch, much less common pike, silver bream, asp, common carp, pike perch and chub. Only a true fisherman is lucky to catch a catfish, ide, vendace and pusto. In order to increase the population of fish such as sterlet, juveniles are released into the river, which are removed artificially. Thanks to human actions, fish from the adjacent reservoirs and fisheries cross the Moscow River. Populations of species such as carp, eel, silver carp, sabrefish and trout appear.
Ecology
Due to the fact that the Yauza River is rich in industrial enterprises, in certain areas the stream is filled with garbage, sewage, oil products. For this reason, the water acquired a settled unpleasant odor.
Basically, river pollution occurs due to metals, organics, suspended solids, which practically do not dissolve and accumulate in the channel. All this enters the water stream from enterprises that stand on its shore. In the city center, melt, rain and industrial water pollute the river. Therefore, water quality is constantly deteriorating.
Since ancient times, the river had an unpleasant smell, because so many harmful effluents are discharged into this stream. For this reason, already in the 19th century, water was found unfit for drinking. But the valley of the Yauza River was still able to maintain its charm. It flows in the north-eastern part of Moscow. Its nature looks very natural, attracts locals who happily come to relax and have a good time. A few years ago, the city administration put this part of the river in order, giving it a cozy and aesthetic appearance: established benches and fortifications for the coast, paved the path.
The capital of Russia has more than 100 reservoirs. At the same time, the Yauza River plays an important role in the life of the city and is not inferior in its importance to the main artery, the Moscow River. It affects the work of many enterprises, and the ecological state of the environment depends on it. Mankind has known about the Yauza River for several centuries, it is associated with many historical figures and significant events in the life of Russia. On its banks are factories and monasteries, educational institutions and parks, stadiums and palaces, libraries and buildings, striking in their heights and architectural personality. The floodplain of the Yauza River includes a pond that is very beautiful and bewitching with its appearance.