In linguistics there are several main sections. Each of them is engaged in the study of a particular circle of linguistic concepts and phenomena. Today we will consider which sections of Russian language science are studied in the school course.
Phonetics
Let's start our acquaintance with the main section of linguistics - phonetics. This science studies the sounds of speech and the features of their functioning. In phonetics, the alternation of sounds is considered depending on the stress, position in one or another part of the word. The strengths and weaknesses of sounds are also considered.
A separate concept is studied, such as a syllable, and the division of a word into syllables in accordance with the rules of the Russian language. Refers to phonetics and intonation, stress.
Spelling
The second important section of the science of language is spelling. He is studying the spelling of words and their significant parts. Thanks to spelling, we get acquainted with the rules and spelling, learn to recognize cases in which you need to use the rules to determine which letter should be written in a particular word.
Vocabulary and phraseology
Vocabulary and phraseology is the most interesting section of the science of language that studies the lexical richness of Russian speech, as well as the phraseological units functioning in it. Speaking of vocabulary, it is worth noting that she is engaged in the study of such concepts as synonyms and homonyms, paronyms and antonyms, she studies the origin of words and their functioning, emphasizes the active and passive vocabulary of the Russian language.
Phraseology is engaged in the study of phraseological units, their meaning and origin.
Quite closely related to vocabulary and phraseology, lexicography is the science of dictionaries.
Word formation
Another section of the science of language is word formation. It studies the composition of words. So, every word has a root that carries a lexical meaning. In addition to the root, the word may have an ending, suffix or prefix. In addition, highlight the basis of the word.
Word formation studies not only parts of words, but also how these or those words were formed, which of the suffixes form verbs, and which adjectives.
Knowing the basics of word formation, a person is easier to master spelling, as these two sections are very closely related.
Morphology
Morphology is a rather voluminous branch of the science of language. Engaged in the study of parts of speech and their functioning in speech. During the training, schoolchildren study the main and official parts of speech, the rules of their spelling, get acquainted with how the parts of speech are inclined, how to determine the gender or case of a noun or adjective that relates to it.
Morphology is also quite closely related to spelling, since it is necessary not only to know how the word is formed, but also how it changes. Indeed, some sounds, and therefore letters when writing, depend on the case in which the word is.
Syntax and Punctuation
The most difficult section of the science of language is syntax and punctuation. They begin to study it in grades 8 and 9. The very first thing that students learn about is the concept of phrases and types, the relationships between words. Then they proceed to study the main and secondary sentences, learn to find them and graphically highlight them.
After that, the study of a simple sentence, both two-part and one-part begins. We study their classification and functioning in speech. Already in the 9th grade, acquaintance with complex sentences, types of communication between them, and classifications begins.
During the study of sentences, acquaintance with the punctuation of the Russian language, which is closely related to the syntax, also occurs. We study the rules for placing commas, dashes and colon, semicolons. A brief historical background is given on the history of the occurrence of signs.
Stylistics
Studying sections of the science of language, students now and then encounter such a section of linguistics as stylistics. She is engaged in the study of speech styles, their main characteristics and features of functioning. There are several basic styles: artistic, scientific, journalistic, confessional, conversational, epistolary.
During the training, students learn to highlight the characteristics of each of the styles and determine which of them refers to a particular text.
A culture of speech
Well, the last section that is worth mentioning is the culture of speech. She studies the written and oral norms of the Russian language. Often the rules from this section are studied in the course of consideration of other sections of linguistics. Quite closely, the culture of speech is associated with stylistics, spelling and spelling.
conclusions
We found out what sections of the science of language are studied in the school course. Among them are phonetics and spelling, vocabulary and phraseology, word formation and morphology, syntax and punctuation, as well as the style and culture of speech. Almost all of them are closely related to each other, knowledge of one section contributes to the assimilation of rules from another, adjacent.