In essence, oncotic pressure (it is also osmotic) is a compound that dissolves in the formed elements of the blood and its plasma. With a lack of proteins in the body, it decreases, which can lead to the fact that due to the accumulation of fluid, edema begins to appear. This is due to the fact that the membranes of the walls of blood vessels are translucent and translucent. They pass water well and freely, while ions and molecules of different substances are worse.
Normal oncotic pressure is almost 7.5 atm. (5700 mmHg or 762 kPa). Plasma activity varies in the region of 290 mosm / l.
However, osmotic pressure is measured not by the number of dissolved molecules, but by their concentration. Inorganic ions make up the majority of plasma ions (somewhere around 99.5%), the oncotic pressure of which depends on their concentration. The pressure of plasma proteins is only a small part, only 0.03-0.04 atm. (25-30 mmHg). But it is worth remembering that the pressure exerted by proteins plays a crucial role in the distribution of water between plasma and underlying tissues.
This part of the procedure is considered the detection of oncotic pressure. His participation in the distribution of water is indicated by the fact that the walls of the capillaries are mostly impassable for proteins. There are much fewer proteins in the tissue fluid, so a concentration gradient is obtained on both sides of the capillary.
Due to the high oncotic pressure, the fluid in the intercellular space does not accumulate, but circulates.
For the prevention of oncotic pressure, it is recommended to carry out gestosis therapy, which is rather broad-profile, so the result will not be long in coming. With a normal protein content in the blood, its coagulability is normalized, which reduces the risk of heart disease.
Oncotic blood pressure is usually kept constant. Its neurohumoral regulation involves excretory organs such as sweat glands and kidneys. A decrease or increase in oncotic pressure is perceived both on the periphery of the walls of the vessels, and in the central part (hypothalamus), where the hormone antidiuretic is released, which affects the absorption process in the renal channels. Also, its function is to regulate the process of urination. Stability of osmotic pressure is ensured by ADN, aldosterone, parahormone, uremic hormone of the heart.
According to the reflex, a change in activity occurs in the excretory organs, leading either to an excessive delay, or to a sharp loss of fluid and salt in the body. In these processes, the first and predominant role is given to proteins (oncotic pressure), which are able to bind and give ions. Due to the activity of excretory organs (kidneys and sweat glands), metabolic products, which are constantly formed in the body, for the most part do not have negative effects on osmotic pressure.
Violations of the level of oncotic pressure are associated with an imbalance of the total plasma protein , albumin and globulins, anions, cations, sodium, potassium, calcium and other components. This can be caused by various pathological conditions and diseases (intoxication, burn, postoperative period, shock, bleeding, various diseases, etc.). In such cases, it is extremely important to regularly check oncotic pressure. Treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating the underlying disease and restoring the balance of salts in the blood plasma. However, before treating pressure, especially oncotic pressure, be sure to consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate!