There is no person who does not want to be healthy. This is desired by all those celebrating birthdays and anniversaries. This is also indicated by the most popular toast during any feast. What is the basis of health made up of? What can a person do to make him live longer and be less sick? What affects the condition of our body? This article will help you figure this out.
Health components
The human body is a complex system. At the same time, his normal vital activity is ensured only under the condition of an optimal level of three components. This is not only biological, but also mental, as well as the social basis of health. All of them are closely interconnected, being in dialectical unity. For example, biological health is directly dependent on social, and social on biological. Similar links exist between other components.
Biological health
This level of the state of the organism is directly dependent on the dynamic balance of those functions that the internal organs perform, as well as on their normal response to changes in the environment.
Back in the eighties of the last century, WHO experts revealed an approximate correlation of those factors that form the basis of human health. It looks like this:
- medical care - from 10 to 15%;
- genetic predisposition - from 15 to 20%;
- the state of the human environment - from 20 to 25%;
- the way and conditions of life of people - from 50 to 55%.
The impact on a person of one or another factor that forms the basis of health also depends on his gender and age, individual and typological characteristics.
Genetic factors
The development of any organism is predetermined by the hereditary program, inherited along with the parent chromosomes. However, these elements that are so important to us during the course of a person’s life may be subject to various harmful influences.
Disorders of the genetic apparatus may depend on a person’s lifestyle , on the quality of the products he uses, on the environmental situation, on the uncontrolled use of pharmacological agents, on difficulties in the socio-economic processes of society, etc. As a result of the influence of negative factors, mutations appear that become the reasons for those or other hereditary ailments or predisposition to them.
Most often, such violations occur due to the negative lifestyle of future dads and mothers. In addition, it is no secret that the foundations of children's health are laid already with the development of the fetus. And a woman during pregnancy often lacks physical activity. She suffers from mental overloads of a professional, domestic and social nature, overeats and sometimes does not give up her bad habits. All this negatively affects the basics of the physical health of the unborn child.
Pathologies caused by genetic factors are conventionally divided into three groups. The first of them includes congenital hereditary diseases. In this case, the child is born with certain signs of impairment (color blindness, hemophilia, etc.).
The second group includes hereditary diseases resulting from the negative effects of external factors. These include pathologies associated with metabolic disorders in the body, mental disorders and many other ailments.
The third type of genetic factors affecting the basics of physical health causes ischemic and hypertension, bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, etc. All these ailments are associated with a hereditary predisposition.
Ecology
Of course, the biomedical foundations of health are directly dependent on genetic factors. However, a program received by a person by inheritance will ensure its normal development only if certain environmental conditions occur.
The fact that every living organism on the planet is in reciprocal and diverse relationships with the biosphere was noted by Sechenov. The scientist claimed that man is not able to exist without the external environment. Moreover, he is in abiotic (geochemical, geophysical) and biological relationships with everything that surrounds him.
What is an external environment for a person? This is a whole system of anthropogenic and natural phenomena and objects, in which life and work, as well as people's rest, take place. This concept includes biological, chemical and physical factors that directly or indirectly affect the activity and condition of the human body.
The basics of human health are closely related to all components of the biosphere. This includes plants and insects, microorganisms, etc. Being a complex system, the human body is included in the circulation of substances existing on the planet and is forced to obey its laws.
The biomedical foundations of the health of each of us are influenced by many environmental components. And it is not only water, air and the sun. A huge role is played by various energy influences (from radiation to the electromagnetic field of our planet).
The influence of the environment on human health is manifested in various climatic conditions of the place of residence. Thus, the population of the north is forced to spend a large amount of vital energy in the struggle for their existence. Such conditions are difficult to compare with those where nature favors man.
Residents of megacities also suffer from negative environmental impacts. Indeed, in large cities there are many factors that destroy our health. They have a negative effect even on those people who lead the right lifestyle.
Medical service
Many people mistakenly believe that it is healthcare that will enable them to lay a solid foundation for health. However, despite the bright hopes, the share of this factor, according to statistics, is extremely low. And there is a simple explanation for this. The fact is that in connection with the development of civilization and the increasing spectrum of the spread of diseases, medicine began to pay little attention to human health.
Today, doctors are more specialized in the treatment of pathologies. They prescribe pharmacological agents that have side effects on the body, thereby far from always strengthening it.
Disease prevention
The medical basis of health lies in the adoption of preventive measures, which are divided into three levels. The first of them is aimed at all categories of adults and children. The objective of such prevention lies in improving the health of people throughout their lives. And the main assets of this stage are the development of recommendations on how to maintain health, the use of folk recipes, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, etc.
The second level of medical disease prevention is designed to identify various indicators of a person's predisposition and existing risk factors. Similar work is carried out in conjunction with the collection of information on hereditary characteristics and the maintenance of a particular lifestyle. In other words, the work of doctors in this case is not focused on the treatment of a certain type of disease. It is aimed at the secondary prevention of pathologies. As part of the tasks of the third level, doctors are working to prevent relapse of diseases in patients throughout the whole society.
The experience that has been accumulated by medical practice today indicates the low economic and
social effectiveness of disease prevention. The foundations for improving the health of both children and adults are laid at the first and second levels. However, doctors continue to focus on tertiary prevention. Doctors meet only with already sick people, making their examination and prescribing a course of treatment. However, it is worth remembering that primary and secondary prevention is the basis of public health. And she needs to pay close attention.
Lifestyle and living conditions
But still, the main reason for the occurrence of diseases today is everyday human behavior. And the basics of maintaining health in modern society lie in people leading a healthy lifestyle. He will be the most effective prevention of all diseases.
The healthy lifestyle of each person is individual. This concept takes into account the typological characteristics of the individual, his age, gender, profession, marital status, material support, working conditions and much more. In laying the foundations of health, an important role is played by the person’s life guidelines and his personality-motivational features. All these factors can be a serious incentive when taking preventive measures to prevent diseases.
Unfortunately, many people admit that strengthening their health is possible by using any one remedy, which can be cleaning the body, nutritional supplements, physical exercises, etc. However, this approach is fundamentally wrong. Indeed, one, even the most effective means, is not capable of affecting the whole variety of systems of the human body, each of which has a direct effect on health.
That is why each of us must observe a culture of nutrition, perform physical exercises and cast aside negative emotions (fear, anger, envy, etc.) that affect the body as a huge destructive force.
Mental health
The organs and vital systems of the human body have a close relationship. But all their influence on each other is under constant control of the nervous system. That is why the mental state, which is one of the components of people's health, is so important for the functioning of the whole organism. This concept is closely connected with the personality and depends on the motivation and needs of a person, on his emotional-volitional sphere and the development of self-awareness.
Mental health can be characterized as a state of mental comfort, which provides an adequate response of a person to all situations that arise in his life. At the same time, it is referred to as intellect, reason and emotions.
Social health
It is no secret that man is a social being. That is why the social basis of health plays an important role for him. It characterizes a state of the body in which a person is able to make contact with society.
The basics of social health are formed under the influence of contacts with friends and parents, classmates and work colleagues, loved ones, etc. Such an influence can have both positive and negative character. For example, lack of education or a dysfunctional environment can lead to degradation of the individual. In this case, society will negatively affect the individual’s attitude to himself, to communication, to activity and to other people.
What components make up human social health? These include:
1. Morality. This concept includes a combination of ideals, orientations, values, as well as moral and ethical qualities of the individual, which he considers true for himself. Human morality is a humanistic aspect of his health.
2. Social adaptation. It is also one of the components of an individual’s health. It characterizes his ability to adapt to changing living conditions or the social environment, as well as finding the right solutions to overcome psychological barriers.
One means of promoting social health is work. It is labor activity that gives a person a sense of need and belonging to society, reveals his abilities, and also guides him along the path to individual well-being.
Legal framework for health
These or other elements of the organization of doctors' activities appeared at the very beginning of the history of medicine. They dealt with the relationship between the patient and the doctor and were based on the rules and traditions that existed in society.
The legal basis for health exists today. In our country, they are reflected in federal laws, government decrees, presidential decrees, etc. All these legal acts provide rights and impose responsibility on both patients and medical workers.
The main law of the Russian Federation, through the use of which the formation of the legal basis for the health of citizens of the country is formed, is the Constitution adopted in 1993. The articles of its second chapter formulate the freedoms and rights of Russians that relate to the protection of life and health of every person, as well as the activities of medical workers.
The Constitution establishes the following principles:
- the right to live;
- guarantee of social security in case of illness and age;
- The right to free medical care, to protect health, etc.
Using the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals of Legislation have been adopted regarding the protection of public health. This document is the legal basis for developing the relationships that exist in the health sector.
The health problems of the population in the Fundamentals are considered at the national level, and the legal norms included in this document cover a wide range of social relations. These include those that take place in the health care system. According to the Fundamentals, the state’s work to protect the health of its citizens is a combination of various measures of an economic and political, sanitary and hygienic and scientific, medical and anti-epidemic, as well as cultural nature.