Today you can hear completely different opinions about vaccinations not only from parents, but also from doctors. In young children, the immune system does not work at full strength, so they definitely need to be vaccinated against various diseases. Inoculations against measles, rubella and mumps are especially important, the body's response to which will be described later. They are one of the most dangerous viral pathologies that can lead to many serious complications and death. But did anyone wonder how the immunization of children is tolerated? Does she have any negative consequences and side effects? These are very important questions that every parent should be aware of. Let's look into them in detail and find out whether it is worth worrying about vaccination and what you need to be prepared after.
Danger of Infectious Viral Diseases
Doctors non-stop talk about the importance of vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps. And this is not unreasonable, since these diseases are severe, accompanied by intense and pronounced symptoms, and also pose a great danger to children's health. It is important to consider that a child can become infected while still in the womb. Infection threatens the course of pregnancy and poses a risk of unpredictable consequences. In addition to this, pathologies pose a great danger, which is expressed in the following:
- Infection of a woman during pregnancy can lead to antenatal death of the fetus or the development of numerous abnormalities and malformations, for example, myopia, structural defects of the heart, partial or complete absence of hearing, impaired physical development, and many others.
- With mumps, not only does the inflammatory lesion of the endocrine system occur, but the likelihood of developing such dangerous diseases as encephalitis, orchitis and infertility is also high. Significantly less frequently, complications of the disease are pancreatitis, arthritis and nephritis.
- Measles inflicts a strong blow on the protective functions of the body and the immune system, which can result in numerous and dangerous bacterial complications. In addition, it can cause the development of hepatitis, tracheobronchitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The latter pathology is most dangerous, because with it an inflammatory process develops in the brain, which can eventually lead to complete disability or death.
To protect babies from measles, rubella and mumps, complications after vaccination are difficult to predict in advance; vaccination is necessary. The thing is that in infants, immunity normally works only during the first six months of life, after which it begins to weaken. As a result of this, the body ceases to provide due resistance to external negative factors, viruses and infections. Enhancing protection is only possible through immunization.
Vaccination calendar
Today, both single and complex vaccinations for measles, rubella and mumps are carried out. The vaccination schedule needs to be agreed with the pediatrician, but, as a rule, it has the following form:
- The first vaccination is done when the baby is one year old. This term is chosen not casual. It is optimal for protection, since infectious diseases are most difficult to occur in children under the age of 5 years. However, a single immunization will not completely eliminate the risk of infection. It only increases the body resistance by a few percent.
- Revaccination is carried out at the age of six. It already provides 90 percent protection that lasts for several decades.
Unfortunately, doctors and leading scientists could not calculate the exact time during which vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps ensures the reliable functioning of the immune system. Adverse reactions of the vaccination can be felt within a few hours after its implementation. This will be discussed in more detail below. But most qualified specialists are of the opinion that the effect of revaccination lasts for 10-25 years. It all depends on the health status of each person and the susceptibility of the immunobiological preparation.
If the child was not vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps on time (the reaction is almost always intense and pronounced), then parents should go to the hospital for vaccination on their own. There are two common scenarios:
- If immunization was postponed indefinitely due to the presence of contraindications in the baby, then it is advisable to carry out it as soon as possible, as close as possible to the vaccination calendar. In this case, the repeated procedure should be carried out with an interval of at least four years.
- In the event of unforeseen situations and health problems requiring urgent vaccination, babies are given mono-vaccinations aimed at protecting the body from any one disease. Revaccination is carried out one year after the first procedure.
The vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is done in compliance with a certain dosage of 0.5 milligrams of the drug. It is introduced under one of the shoulder blades or in the right forearm.
How do children tolerate vaccination?
Children may have different types of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccinations. The reaction (temperature is one of the very first symptoms) largely depends on the age category, the state of the immune system and the presence of any disease in a person. Among the most common effects of vaccines are the following:
- general weakness;
- sleep disorder;
- lack of appetite;
- runny nose;
- migraine;
- redness of the throat;
- skin rashes.
In addition, at the injection site, redness and swelling of the soft tissues are observed. The post-vaccination reaction to measles, rubella and mumps vaccination is similar to side effects that occur at the age of one. In some cases, the hypersensitivity of the immune system caused by the administration of the drug may not be local, but global in nature, spreading throughout the body. In addition, against the background of immunization, some bacterial diseases sometimes develop, for example, sore throat, otitis media and bronchitis. But, as doctors say, most often this does not occur due to vaccination, but as a result of non-observance by parents of certain rules of behavior.
The status of children after immunization
When vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps, adverse reactions are quite commonplace. It is very difficult to say exactly what they may be, since each specific case is unique. At the same time, you can not worry about some symptoms, since they are specific. But there are those that give every reason to begin to sound the alarm. Possession of this information will allow you to be prepared for any possible scenario.
The response of the body is most pronounced when using complex preparations containing measles component. This is due to the fact that the bodies of pathogens in them are in an oppressed, and not in a euthanized state. But despite this, after vaccination, children do not become carriers of infection, therefore, do not pose any threat to others.
As mentioned earlier, the very first response from the body to a vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is temperature. It can vary from 37.2 to 38.5 degrees and even higher. In addition, the following manifestations are often observed:
- redness of the epidermis and swelling of soft tissues, which disappear a few days after vaccination;
- the child may develop a cough that persists for 7-14 days;
- appetite worsens or completely disappears;
- in rare cases, blood may flow from the nose;
- often a rash appears on the skin of the head after being vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps, which then spreads throughout the body.
As a rule, the above symptoms last about 14 days, after which they themselves disappear. There is nothing terrible and serious about this, so you should not panic. An alarm must be struck if the clinical picture persists for a very long time without visible improvements.
There is also the likelihood of developing some complications after vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Among the most often diagnosed can be identified:
- severe toxic reaction, accompanied by fever, sore throat and enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes;
- inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system, in which muscle cramps and clinical manifestations of encephalitis are characteristic;
- allergic reactions;
- inflammation of the brain;
- meningitis;
- myocarditis;
- type I diabetes mellitus;
- angioedema;
- anaphylactic shock;
- arthritis;
- partial or complete deafness.
After vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, side effects do not always occur. It all depends on many factors, among which the main ones are the state of the immune system and the individual characteristics of the child's body. But if you notice them in your baby, then you should immediately contact a doctor to minimize the likelihood of many serious complications.
Mumps vaccination response
The introduction of drugs containing antibodies against the causative agent of this disease, children tolerate very easily. This is due to the fact that they contain weakened pathogenic microorganisms that are not able to provoke the development of infection. The response to vaccination against mumps, measles and rubella has some differences, observed after about a week. Its duration is an average of 15 days, after which the symptoms gradually subside, until it completely disappears. Among the main side effects are the following:
- fever;
- slight increase in salivary glands;
- redness of the throat;
- inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Surely, many parents will now have a question about how much the temperature keeps on vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. As medical statistics show, the increase is short-term and lasts no more than two days. As for the side effects, they make themselves felt in isolated cases. The most common are:
- general weakness;
- worsening of well-being;
- toxic reactions;
- nausea and vomiting;
- muscle spasms;
- migraine;
- skin rash;
- CNS lesions.
Doctors say that in most cases, side effects are extremely rare, and children tolerate mumps vaccination well.
Rubella Monograft Response
Preventive measures to increase the body's defenses include the introduction of a vaccine containing live attenuated virus cells. In almost 90 percent of cases, children easily tolerate immunization. The reaction to vaccination against rubella, measles and mumps, which has more severe symptoms, is rare. But if it does occur, then, as a rule, it passes in a mild form. The most typical manifestations are:
- redness of the skin at the injection site;
- a slight increase in the size of the lymph nodes;
- body temperature in the range from 37 to 37.5 degrees;
- rarely there are joint pain.
All signs of a response go away on their own without medical attention some time after vaccination. Therefore, parents should not worry and take any action.
How to help the baby?
In order to slightly alleviate the well-being of the child after immunization, it is necessary to try to reduce the intensity of the manifestation of the body's response to the vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps. If children have only skin rashes, then nothing should be done. This is considered a normal manifestation that does not require any help. In order to improve well-being, a child can be given medicines that have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects. They will reduce the intensity and severity of symptoms.
If in a few days there will be no noticeable improvement, but, on the contrary, it will only get worse, it is better not to hesitate, but to go to the clinic immediately. To eliminate some of the serious consequences of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccines, you may need to take some special medications or take the baby to the hospital quickly.
Contraindications to vaccination
This aspect is worth exploring in the first place. Not all children can be immunized to increase their protective functions against viral pathogens. It is better to postpone this procedure for some time if:
- the patient underwent a course of chemotherapy, which used drugs that depress the functioning of the immune system;
- there is an exacerbation of any pathologies occurring in a chronic form;
- ARVI;
- administered to the baby antibodies or blood components.
Also, vaccination has a number of contraindications, in which it is strictly prohibited. These include:
- strong response to the drug;
- side effects on the administered drug;
- any pathology that causes a sharp decrease in immunity;
- AIDS;
- blood cancer;
- oncological diseases;
- allergy to neomycin, aminoglycoside amino acids and egg white;
- pregnancy;
- immunodeficiency;
- chemo or radiation therapy;
- thrombocytopenia;
- platelet dysfunction.
If these contraindications are ignored, the response to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps can be unpredictable. It will be difficult for doctors to predict the condition of the child, which increases the risk of developing various serious complications.
Vaccination preparation
To make the baby easier to tolerate immunization, it is necessary to help him in this. There are a number of measures that can help reduce the likelihood of developing various complications. These include:
- On the morning of the day of vaccination, you need to measure the temperature and assess the overall health of the child.
- Consult a pediatrician beforehand. If necessary, he will conduct a survey and write out a referral for analysis.
- If children have any diseases of the central nervous system and nervous disorders, it will not be superfluous to show them to a neurologist. As a rule, drugs with anticonvulsant effect are prescribed, which are taken for several days.
- If the baby has ailments that occur in a chronic form, then immunization is recommended during the period of remission. When taking medications, vaccination is included in the main treatment program.
- A few days before going to the hospital, it is better to refuse to visit public places with high traffic. This is especially important during epidemics.
These simple tips and tricks will help to make the child much easier to tolerate vaccination against dangerous infectious and viral diseases. If after vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps (which vaccine is considered the best to date will be described below), strong side effects are observed that do not disappear for a very long time, then you should immediately contact your pediatrician. Any delay can lead to very deplorable consequences.
What is forbidden to do after vaccination?
According to qualified specialists, in the vast majority of cases, complications after immunization arise due to improper actions by the parents. To reduce any associated risks, you must adhere to the following rules:
- After vaccination, do not immediately leave the hospital. It’s better to sit for about half an hour near the doctor’s office. If you encounter any problems, you can get the necessary help right on the spot.
- When vaccinated against measles, mumps or rubella, you are allowed to bathe, but doctors advise you not to take a bath on the day of the injection, but only confine yourself to a shower. In this case, it is better not to use washcloths, as well as not to soap the place of vaccination.
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- Hervevax is an English vaccine with high efficacy and excellent tolerance. Almost never causes complications and side effects, therefore it is considered one of the best to date. The only drawback is the high cost.
Many doctors advise buying foreign drugs, since they are much more convenient and safer. But there are two main problems. Firstly, they are quite difficult to find on sale, and secondly, they will have to pay a lot. As for domestic vaccines, they are not much inferior to foreign ones, but they are more affordable.
Opinion of Dr. Komarovsky
Any infectious and viral diseases spread very quickly, which creates a high risk of epidemics. To protect yourself and your children, you need to be vaccinated in a timely manner. In most cases, it passes normally without any special complications. According to the famous Russian therapist Komarovsky, the reaction to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is very rare. It is most often observed in children under the age of 5 years, pregnant women and people with immunodeficiency.
Despite all the possible consequences, the doctor recommends that vaccination be mandatory, since any infectious diseases can lead to many serious consequences. Therefore, it is better not to risk it, but to contact the hospital for vaccination in a timely manner.
What do patients say about immunization?
According to numerous reviews, the vaccine per year against measles, rubella and mumps is well tolerated by children. With proper care of the baby after the procedure, the symptoms and side effects appear in a mild form, and also disappear after only a few days. Many parents too dramatize and embellish their own fears due to a lack of information about immunization.
Conclusion
Should measles and other infectious diseases be vaccinated? The answer is yes - yes! Vaccination against ailments of this group is one of the most important in the life of every person. The thing is that measles, mumps and rubella are much easier to prevent than subsequently cured. These pathologies not only respond poorly to therapy, but also proceed in a very serious form and in about 30 percent of cases give serious complications. Therefore, if you value the health of your loved ones, then you must definitely go through the vaccination procedure in accordance with the established schedule of vaccinations.
But be that as it may, today quite a lot of parents write a rejection of vaccinations for their babies. This is due to the fact that they are afraid of side effects that may occur after vaccination. In addition, there are different manufacturers of vaccinations, respectively, and their quality is also different. The decision about whether to vaccinate a baby or not is a purely personal matter. In any case, the parent is responsible for his child.