The Russian police survived major changes in 2011. Then she was renamed the police. The main legal source that served to reform a number of law enforcement agencies was the Federal Law "On Police". With comments and examples, this normative act will be examined in detail in our article.
General characteristics of the police
The bill was developed under the supervision of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. From August 2010 to February 2011, numerous amendments and additions were introduced to it, which any Russian citizen could offer. March 1, 2011 the law was adopted.
Chapter 1 of the Act gives a general description of the police structure. The Law "On Police", with comments and amendments of July 29, 2017, states that the main purpose of the police is to protect the life, health, freedoms and rights of Russian citizens. The main activities of the police are the protection of individuals and society, the prevention and prevention of violations of the law, the search for individuals, road safety, and much more.
The activities of the police are based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, international treaties and some federal laws. In the regions of the country, the police may be governed by the laws of the subjects.
Business principles
Police officers must carry out their functions on the basis of certain principles specified in chapter 2 of the Police Act. With comments and explanations, these principles will be presented later.
Respect for and respect for the freedoms and human and civil rights is the first fundamental idea. This principle is expressed in many details. This is a polite treatment of people, respect for professional ethics, a ban on the use of torture, and the suppression of illegal actions.
No less important is the principle of legality. Everything is simple here: the police must carry out their professional activities in strict accordance with the regulations of the Russian Federation. Employees must be impartial. The protection of the rights and freedoms of people is implemented regardless of gender, race, language, worldview and other distinctive features. All police actions should be based on the principles of publicity and openness.
About the police officer
The policeman is the main character in the police structure. The characterization of this officer is provided in Section 25 of the Police Act.
With comments dated July 29, 2017, the Law provides information on the status of a police officer. So, the official is in the system of the federal executive branch and the corresponding regional body. The secondment to the authorities is established by the head of state.
A policeman has a number of distinguishing features. This is a uniform, badge, identity and badge. The employee has the right to store and carry weapons. All police officers are divided into special ranks:
- ordinary employees;
- Junior superiors (warrant officers and sergeants);
- middle commanding category (lieutenants and captains);
- senior commanding category (majors, lieutenant colonels and colonels);
- highest commanding category (generals).
The commentary on the Police Act (Section 26) states that the dismissal of a policeman from a service is referred to as “resignation”.
Duties and powers of the police
What professional functions do police officers have? Here are some things to note:
- clear and immediate implementation of legitimate orders given by management;
- compliance with internal regulations;
- knowledge of Russian legislation;
- appeal on official matters to the commanding staff;
- compliance with job regulations (professional instructions);
- keeping confidential information that is forbidden to disclose outside the police structure;
- confirmation or advanced training;
- respect for state property;
- assistance to affected citizens;
- protection of freedoms, interests and human rights.
To fulfill the duties presented , a police officer must have a number of professional rights. Article 28 of the Law "On Police", with comments from 2017, refers to the employee’s right to familiarize themselves with the necessary documentation, to social security, wages, paid rest, promotion and protection of their rights.
Social Security Officer
About ensuring the professional activities of a police officer should tell a little more. Chapter 8 of the Law on Police, with the 2017 commentary, proclaims the basic guarantees of social protection for police officers.
Remuneration of employees should be in the form of cash allowance. The authorities are obliged to provide the police with a full package of insurance guarantees in order to compensate for possible harm. Equally important is the right of the police officer to provide housing. There are small types of social services - such as medical care, providing benefits to children of employees.
The police structure itself should also be formed and improved by state authorities. The comments on the Federal Law on Police (Chapter 9) state that the entire law enforcement system must be provided in two ways: material and technical and financial. The state budget is compiled annually, part of which is at the disposal of law enforcement officers.
Coercive Measures
The police have the right to implement certain coercive measures. What does the Federal Law "On Police" say about this ? Articles 14-17 indicate the following types of professional measures:
- Detention. The police have the right to apply a similar measure to suspects and accused persons. The maximum retention time is 48 hours. After that, the case goes to court.
- Penetration into a home or a separate territory. The police protect the inviolability of any property. However, she has the ability to enter the premises for the purpose of detaining suspected or accused persons, as well as for saving someone's life, for the sake of curbing the crime.
- Cordon. The police protect the right to freedom of movement. Such a right is limited only by decision of the relevant authority for the purpose of conducting the event, liquidating the accident, prosecuting persons or for conducting a counter-terrorist operation.
- Formation and maintenance of information databases about individuals. The police enters into their databases information about Russian citizens to facilitate further work and security.
Thus, police officers have fairly broad powers and rights. All coercive measures presented have only one important goal: the protection of civil liberties and rights.
Police control
Who controls the police system in Russia? Direct supervision is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation. The chambers of the Federal Assembly and the Government exercise control within their powers.
The commentary on the Law on Police (Chapter 10, Section 50) refers to the possibility of public control of the police. What does it mean? Citizens are united in public chambers and special monitoring commissions. These authorities are entrusted with the duty of control over the law enforcement system.
There is also a third type of control - judicial and prosecutorial. It is carried out only upon request (legal action), if there are possible violations of the law of the Russian Federation. The court also has the opportunity to appeal the actions of the police.