The combination of a complex configuration of the cutting direction and solid-state working equipment allows diamond boring equipment to perform extremely delicate and critical metalworking operations. Such aggregates are trusted with operations to create shaped surfaces, correct holes, straighten faces, etc. At the same time, the diamond boring machine is universal in terms of application possibilities in various fields. It is used not only in specialized industries, but also in private workshops, as well as in households.
Machine design
The carrier base of the unit is massive enough, due to the characteristics of the workpieces, which are usually processed on such devices. The sole of the structure is formed by a plate, a pedestal and a bed, provided with groove niches for attaching a functional platform. The working part is a spindle head for holding a processing tool with moving brackets and interchangeable boring bars. The workpiece can be located in different ways - in the vertical structures of the diamond boring machine, for example, a kind of object table with holding clamps is provided for parts.
In terms of the power base, most units of this type contain an electric motor with a drive infrastructure, lubrication and cooling systems. More technological versions also include a block of electrical equipment with CNC elements, due to which the automation of the production process is carried out with the possibility of intelligent adjustment of processing parameters.
The principle of operation of the unit
The mechanical effect is exerted by the processing tool in the form of cutters of various shapes and sizes. The rotation is ensured by a drive connected to the worktop with a workpiece or to a pedestal with an integrated spindle, which maintains a working moment in the middle ranges of 225-550 rpm. Torque transmission in a diamond boring machine is usually communicated through a belt drive. As for the regulation of the operating mode, the speed can be adjusted by changing the interchangeable pulleys or controlling the gear transmission. In units with a hydraulic working unit, the stepless gear tuning principle is implemented, which allows optimizing control processes with workpiece movement cycles in the continuous processing mode. Hydraulics also allows the removal of auxiliary mechanisms beyond the base of the machine, which minimizes the negative impact of thermal deformations and increases the accuracy of mechanical impact on parts.
Types of equipment
All diamond-boring processing machines are classified according to two criteria - the number of spindles and the structural form factor (horizontal and vertical models). Relative to the first feature, one and multi-spindle units can be distinguished, the difference between which lies in the possibility of simultaneous processing of a part at several points. Obviously, the price of a diamond boring machine with one spindle, which can be 250-300 thousand rubles, is lower than the cost of multi-spindle models. However, this does not mean that such machines lose in processing quality. As for the form factor, the fundamental difference between horizontal and vertical machines lies in the method of transmitting torque and direction of rotation. In the first case, the table is supposed to rotate, and in vertical units the movement is realized directly with the drive to the spindle.
Machine operating conditions
Since the purpose of the equipment is related to the performance of high-precision machining operations, the organization of the work process should be approached carefully and responsibly. First of all, all components and details of the machine should be checked for integrity and reliability of operation. Further, the electrical infrastructure is checked, including the quality of the safety base and the grounding system.
Recommended operating conditions for diamond boring machines - indoors, at a temperature of 10 to 35 ° C with a humidity coefficient of up to 80%. For safety reasons, a system for the removal of metal shavings and supply and exhaust ventilation should be organized. The machine itself must be firmly fixed, and excess tools and materials removed from the working surfaces. The operator proceeds to work in protected workwear in stable lighting with sufficient brightness.
Popular diamond boring machine models
Traditional representatives of this class are being replaced by more technologically advanced universal milling units. Therefore, the bulk of diamond-boring units on the market is domestic or used foreign equipment:
- Model 2E78PN. Massive unit designed for large format boring with trim. The presence of two electric motors with an average power of 2 kW allows the use of this model in large-scale metal processing plants.
- Model 2A78. Diamond boring machine with a vertical column designed for small-sized processing operations. In particular, the unit is used for boring engine sleeves, cylinder blocks, drilling in parts, etc.
- Model 3V622D. An optimized version of the machine, focused on work operations in machine and tractor workshops. With a modest power of 1.2 kW and increased speeds, this machine implements high-quality processing with an accuracy of millimeter.
Conclusion
Small finishes of metal parts are always in demand in many areas of industry and demanding on performance characteristics. In this sense, a diamond boring machine can be considered as a specialized and even targeted tool for performing such tasks. The unit has retained the basic principles of fine diamond processing since the Soviet era, but today it is actively modernizing in various structural parts and functional properties. For example, versions of diamond-boring aggregates with CNC, a semi-automatic drive and extended sets of options that increase the quality of processing are increasingly found.