From a very young age, a sense of homeland is brought up in children in kindergarten. The program of upbringing and training of preschool children involves a gradual acquaintance of children with folklore, with folk traditions, as well as with their native nature, and the characteristics of their place of residence. The patriotic education of preschool children in the senior groups of the preschool institution is supplemented by children's knowledge of Russia as a native country, of state symbols.
The youngest children aged 2-3 years through observation of natural phenomena get acquainted with the plants of their native land. Folk nursery rhymes and chants about the sun, rain, rainbow or snowball form their idea of not only the climatic features of the region, but also the feeling of a small homeland. In the framework of the same topic, kids get acquainted with the kindergarten, make excursions to the post office and to the store, to the nearest monuments and cultural institutions. Repeated viewing of presentation slides on the topics of excursions contributes to a better assimilation of the information received by children.
From the youngest preschool age, at 3-4 years old, children begin to distinguish between people of different racial backgrounds. Modern migration of peoples allows them to gain knowledge about different races, personally communicating with children in their group. The patriotic education of preschoolers begins with remembering the name of their country - Russia. Children also receive information that other countries and continents exist. The world map may be located in a group, but teachers do not yet require children to know the names of countries, but only indicate the place of Russia.
The moral education of preschoolers is closely connected with the patriotic. Children learn to respect people of other nationalities, study their customs and traditions, participate in national holidays and ceremonies, play games of the peoples of the world. Familiarization with one’s culture takes place through public holidays traditionally celebrated in the region. The aesthetic education of preschoolers is used to create a sense of beauty in children in the process of admiring the native nature, the works of art of their people, the word of art.
Holidays held with preschoolers are evenly distributed throughout the school year and are the basis of the content of the educational program. At the age of 5-6 years, children, preparing for the celebration, learn poems, songs, study its history. This is the patriotic education of preschoolers, because children acquire not only knowledge, but also a value attitude to their traditions. Victory Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day, Cosmonautics Day, National Unity Day and others - these are holidays that form the pride of children for their homeland, for their people. At this age, they get acquainted with their region, with its features and attractions.
The patriotic education of preschoolers covers several educational areas. Through the “Knowledge” area, children receive information about their homeland, about other countries, about different nationalities and their traditions. The educational field "Communication" allows children to establish communication with peers, learn languages of other nations, receive information from older relatives about the history of their native land, listen and memorize folklore works. The areas of “Music” and “Artistic Creation” allow children to better study works of art, to master the skills of depicting murals and decorating clothes of people of those nationalities living in the region.
Teachers help parents make the right selection of films for viewing and works for home reading with the aim of moral and patriotic education of preschool children.