From 1863 to 1877 he created Nekrasov "Who needs a good life in Russia." The idea, heroes, plot in the process of work several times changed. Most likely, the plan could not be fully revealed: the author died in 1877. Despite this, "To whom it is good to live in Russia" as a folk poem is considered a completed work. It was supposed that there would be 8 parts, but only 4 could be completed.
With the presentation of the characters begins the poem "To whom to live well in Russia." These heroes are seven peasants from the villages: Dyryavino, Zaplatovo, Gorelovo, Neurozhayka, Znobishino, Razutovo, Neelovo. They meet and start a conversation about who lives happily and well in Russia. Each of the men has his own opinion. One believes that the landowner is happy, the other - that the official. The merchant, priest, minister, noble nobleman, and the tsar are also called lucky men from the poem "Who Should Live Well in Russia". The heroes began to argue, lit a fire. It even came to a fight. However, they still fail to come to an agreement.
Tablecloth self-assembly
Suddenly, Groin unexpectedly caught a chick. A little wand, his mother, asked the man to let the chick go free. She suggested for this where you can find a self-assembled tablecloth - a very useful thing that will certainly come in handy on a long road. Thanks to her, men during the trip did not lack food.
The story of the priest
The following events continue the work "Who lives in Russia well." The heroes decided to find out at all costs who lives happily and cheerfully in Russia. They went on the road. First on the way they met pop. The men turned to him with a question about whether he lives happily. Then the priest spoke about his life. He believes (in which the men could not disagree with him) that happiness is impossible without peace, honor, wealth. Pop believes that if he had all this, he would be completely happy. However, he is obliged, day and night, in any weather, to go wherever he is told - to the dying, to the sick. Every time the priest has to see human grief and suffering. He sometimes even lacks the strength to take retribution for service, since people tear the latter from themselves. Once, everything was completely different. Pop says that rich landowners generously rewarded him for the funeral, baptism, wedding. However, now the rich are far away, and the poor have no money. The priest also does not have honor: men do not respect him, as many folk songs speak about.
Wanderers head to the fair
The wanderers understand that this person cannot be called happy, as the author of the work "To live well in Russia" notes. The heroes set off again and find themselves on the road in the village of Kuzminsky, at the fair. This village is dirty, although rich. There are a lot of establishments in it in which residents indulge in drunkenness. They drink their last money. For example, the old man did not have money left for shoes for his granddaughter, since he drank everything. All this is observed by wanderers from the work “To Whom It Is Good to Live in Russia” (Nekrasov).
Yakim Nagoy
They also notice fair entertainments and fights and argue that a man is forced to drink: this helps withstand hard work and eternal hardship. An example of this is Yakim Nagoy, a man from the village of Bosovo. He works to death, "half to drink." Yakim believes that if there were no drunkenness, there would be great sadness.
Wanderers continue their journey. In the work “To live well in Russia,” Nekrasov talks about the fact that they want to find happy and cheerful people, and promise to give these lucky people a free drink. Therefore, a variety of people are trying to pass themselves off as such - a former courtyard suffers from paralysis, licked plates for the master for many years, exhausted workers, beggars. However, travelers themselves understand that these people cannot be called happy.
Yermil Girin
Guys once heard about a man named Yermil Girin. His story is further told by Nekrasov ("Who is to live well in Russia"). The summary, of course, does not convey all the details. Yermil Girin is a burgomaster who was very respected, a fair and honest person. He once set out to redeem the mill. Without a receipt, the men lent him money, they trusted him so much. However, there was a peasant riot. Now Yermil is in prison.
The story of Obolt-Obolduev
Gavrila Obolt-Obolduyev, one of the landowners, spoke about the fate of the nobles after the abolition of serfdom. Before, much belonged to them: serfs, villages, forests. On holidays, nobles could invite serfs to the house to pray. But after the peasant reform, the lord was no longer the rightful owner of the peasants. Wanderers knew very well how difficult life was during the time of serfdom. But they also have no difficulty understanding that the nobles became much harder after the abolition of serfdom. And the peasants are no longer easier. The wanderers understood that they would not be able to find a happy man. So they decided to go to the women.
The life of Matrena Korchagina
The peasants were told that a peasant woman named Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, who everyone calls lucky, lives in a village. They found her, and Matrena told the peasants about her life. With this story, Nekrasov continues, "Who lives in Russia well."
A summary of the life story of this woman is as follows. Her childhood was cloudless and happy. She had a working family, non-drinker. Mother daughter cherished and cherished. When Matrona grew up, she became a beauty. One day, a stove-maker from another village, Philip Korchagin, got involved. Matrona told how he persuaded her to marry him. This was the only bright memory of this woman in her whole life, which was hopeless and dreary, although her husband treated her well by peasant standards: he almost did not beat. However, he went to the city to earn money. Matrena lived in the house of her father-in-law. Everyone here treated her badly. The only one who was kind to the peasant woman was a very old grandfather Saveliy. He told her that for the murder of the manager went to hard labor.
Soon Matryona gave birth to Demushka - a sweet and beautiful child. She could not part with him for a minute. However, the woman had to work in a field where her mother-in-law did not allow her to take the child. Grandfather Savely watched the baby. He once did not catch sight of Demushka, and the child was eaten by pigs. We arrived to understand from the city, in front of the mother's eyes they opened the baby. This was a severe blow for Matryna.
Then five children were born to her, all boys. Matrena was a kind and caring mother. Once Fedot, one of the children, grazed sheep. One of them was carried away by a she-wolf. This was the fault of the shepherd, who should be punished with whips. Then Matrena begged to beat her instead of her son.
She also said that her husband was once wanted to be taken into the soldiers, although this was a violation of the law. Then Matrena went to the city, being pregnant. Here the woman met Elena Alexandrovna, the good governor who helped her, and Matrena’s husband was released.
The peasants considered Matryna a happy woman. However, after listening to her story, the men realized that she could not be called happy. Too much suffering and misery was in her life. Matrena Timofeevna herself also says that a woman in Russia, especially a peasant woman, cannot be happy. Her share is very heavy.
Survivor Landowner
The wanderers keep the path to the Volga. Here is the mowing. Hard work is busy people. Suddenly an amazing scene: piglets humiliate themselves, cater to the old master. It turned out that the landowner had survived from the mind. He cannot realize that serfdom has already been abolished . Therefore, his relatives persuaded the peasants to behave this way, as if it was still acting. They were promised floodplain meadows for this . The men agreed, but were again deceived. When the old master died, the heirs did not give them anything.
The story of Jacob
Repeatedly on the way, wanderers listen to folk songs - hungry, soldiers, and others, as well as various stories. They remember, for example, the story of Jacob, a faithful serf. He always tried to please and appease the gentleman, who humiliated and beat the serf. However, this led to the fact that Jacob loved him even more. The gentleman's old legs refused. Jacob continued to look after him as if he were a child. But he received no gratitude for this. Grisha, a young guy, Jacob's nephew, wanted to marry one beauty - a serf girl. Out of jealousy, the old master sent Grisha to the recruits. Jacob from this grief fell into drunkenness, but then returned to the master and took revenge. He took him to the forest and hanged himself right in front of the master. Since his legs were paralyzed, he could not get anywhere. Barin sat all night under the corpse of Jacob.
Grigory Dobrosklonov - national defender
This and other stories make men think that they will not be able to find happy ones. However, they learn about Grigory Dobrosklonov, a seminarian. This is the son of a clerk who has seen the suffering and hopeless life of the people since childhood. He made a choice in his early youth, decided that he would give his strength to the struggle for the happiness of his people. Gregory is educated and smart. He understands that Russia is strong and will cope with all troubles. In the future, Gregory will have a glorious path, the big name of the intercessor, "consumption and Siberia."
Guys are listening about this intercessor, but they still do not understand what such people can make others happy. This will not happen soon.
Heroes of the poem
Nekrasov depicted various segments of the population. Simple peasants become the protagonists of the work. They were liberated by the 1861 reform. But their life after the abolition of serfdom did not change much. The same hard work, hopeless life. After the reform, peasants who had their own lands were in an even more difficult situation.
The characterization of the heroes of the work “To live well in Russia” can be supplemented by the fact that the author created surprisingly reliable images of peasants. Their characters are very accurate, although contradictory. Not only kindness, strength and integrity of character is in Russian people. They preserved at the genetic level obsequiousness, servility, willingness to obey the despot and tyrant. The coming of Grigory Dobrosklonov, a new man, is a symbol of the fact that honest, noble, smart people appear among the slaughtered peasantry. May their fate be unenviable and difficult. Thanks to them, self-awareness will arise in the peasant mass, and people will finally be able to fight for happiness. This is what the heroes and the author of the poem dream of. ON THE. Nekrasov (“Whom to live in Russia well”, “Russian Women”, “Frost, Red Nose” and other works) is considered truly a folk poet who was interested in the fate of the peasantry, its suffering, problems. The poet could not remain indifferent to his difficult share. The work of N.A. Nekrasov, "Who lives in Russia well" is written with such sympathy for the people that it still compels us to empathize with its fate at that difficult time.