How to separate a mixture of cereals and salt? How to separate the mixture?

When considering how to separate a mixture of cereals and salt , one should turn to the simplest laws of physics . Some call such methods savvy to oh or dexterity. But by knowing the properties of simple particles , they easily separate alcohol from water, coal from sugar, various mixtures of both liquid and dry substances.

Types of substances

To understand the process of the experiment, you should familiarize yourself with the properties of the simple substances used. When combining the latter, the physical characteristics change. So, in addition to physical phenomena, it is necessary to take into account the chemical compatibility of the structures under consideration. An analysis of a possible reaction when mixing them is also carried out.

Two or more simple substances , combined with each other, are called a mash . They are divided into the following types:

• Homogeneous - compound substances cannot be detected even with a gaze armed with a microscope .

• Inhomogeneous - accordingly, you can see the particles with the naked eye or using a microscope.

Substances n are also classified as water soluble, insoluble, and hardly miscible . Solid materials are divided into magnetic and non-magnetic. Chemically active and inactive are isolated. The first include copper, calcium, magnesium. The second - salt, cereals.

What equipment will be needed?

Now we will look at how to separate the mixture of cereals and salt, as well as other loose bulk structures . Preparation for experiments includes the procedure for finding the appropriate tools for experiments :

• in addition : cereals , salt , alcohol , water , coal , sugar ;
• mixtures of iron , copper sawdust , river dog , vegetable oil o;
• filter , water distillation device;
• child funnel;
• magnetic device;
• spirit lamp and matches;
• glass sticks and porcelain cups ; bulbs made of heat-resistant glass .

For each individual experiment, we will take our own set of tools. Let's get started. How to separate a mixture of cereals and salt (and other loose structures)?

Bulk substances: method number 1

Consider how to separate a mixture of cereals and salt . To do this, you need to make the appropriate mixture. Of the tools you need a deep container , a filter, two glasses of water and a fixture for fire. Matches will also be needed. So, how to split the mixture:

1. Grain and salt are diluted with water and mixed .
2. The salt dissolves, drain the resulting water .
3. Rinse cereals with a clean liquid. Combine the recovered water with the first residue in a wide flask made of heat-resistant glass.
4. The resulting mixture is boiled until water is completely evaporated. The white coating remaining in the flask will be salt.

So we divided the cereals and salt in 30 minutes. Instead of fire, filter elements can be used to separate the salt in step 4, if available.

Liquid substances: method No. 2

Consider how to separate the mixture: we will need alcohol and water now. We also take a heat-resistant flask, an alcohol lamp with matches, a device for distilling water. An ordinary flask is installed at the outlet and is the receiving for the separated liquid substance.

The task is set, nothing remains, how to separate the mixture. Alcohol and water are already mixed. Work Stages :

1. The flask with the mixture is put on fire.
2. The top of the flask is connected to the distillate.
3. When heated to a boiling point of 78 degrees , alcohol vapors begin to escape.
4. The resulting vapors settle in the receiver flask , and in the first, water remains.

A similar method is used in the oil and gas industry in distillation plants. So get oil, gasoline, gas oil and kerosene.

Bulk substances: method number 3

Let us now consider how to separate the mixtures: we will need coal and sugar this time. You will also need a wide-necked flask, an alcohol lamp, water, a filter element. The last tool can not be used if evaporation is carried out.

There are three options for solving the problem:

1. Mechanical - n tall , but not clean enough. By vibration, the formation of two different layers in the flask is achieved . Sugar is heavier than coal , and it will sink to the bottom. The resulting substances are separated with a spatula.

2. You are steaming - the resulting mixture is filled with water. Well shake hi vayu , coal floats up. Separate it from the liquid. The rest of the attack is boiled, the substance remains on the bottom with a sticky substance . However, sugar may melt . Therefore, it is better when the first flask is placed in a container with water and the lower dishes are already heated .

3. Fire is a great way, but the smell will be unpleasant. A mixture of loose substances is ignited directly . Coal burns, sugar remains molten.

Bulk substances: method number 4

Consider how to separate a mixture of river sand and sugar. You will need a glass of water, a heat-resistant flask, an alcohol lamp. Vibration can be used to separate substances. Sugar is lighter than sand, and with uniform and intense shaking, it will be on top.

Diluting with water, the initial mixture is well stirred until the sweet substance is completely dissolved. The resulting liquid is passed through a coarse filter, the sand is delayed. Then sugar is separated from water by evaporation.

Before boiling, it is recommended to inquire whether the water is clean. After all, if other substances (salt) are present in it, then the sugar obtained by evaporation will remain mixed with them.

Bulk substances: method number 5

When separating mixtures containing three or more substances of different densities, the methods listed in the previous chapters are used - No. 3 and No. 4. This is done when screening coal from sugar and sand. The fuel element is first separated by diluting the mixture in water. Then the sand is filtered off, and the sugar is evaporated.

Another way is vibration or fire. The latter method is recommended to be used after draining the liquid with sugar and drying the mixture. Or the fuel element is burned first, and then the residue is diluted with water.

Each method has disadvantages. Thus, particles of sugar may remain during vibration during the separation of substances by the spatula . After evaporation, it is often difficult for me to extract molten sugar. With open fire, a sweet substance envelops particles of coal and sand, which will require dilution of the mixture with water.

Bulk substances: method number 6

Consider how to separate mixtures of iron and copper filings. To do this, you need a magnet and two containers. The element of the periodic table Fe is a magnetic substance. Therefore, if it enters a magnetic field, iron filings will immediately adhere to the magnet. It remains only to collect them neatly in the container.

Similarly separated:

• Duralumin from iron .
• Iron from other solids.

Non-magnetic metals are stainless steel . So remove the needle and haystacks. Consider the separation of sulfur and iron . We apply the existing knowledge and analyze the properties of the simple components of the mixture:

• Sulfur is a lightweight material. Iron is heavy.
• Sulfur floats , it is lighter than water.
• Sulfur is a hot substance.
• Iron is magnetized .

The information obtained allows us to conclude: the mixture can be divided in three ways, using :

1. Water.
2. Of fire.
3. Magnet.

It is not recommended to shake it abundantly with a fish soup ; sulfur can ignite, which will lead to a broken flask. Therefore , we use the existing knowledge:

• Sulfur floats in water ; we take it from the surface through a sieve or spoon with a perforation . We filter the iron.
• Dry mixture should be ignited, sulfur will burn, iron will remain.
• The fastest method is to use a magnet. Iron crumbs stick to it.

Following the above sequence of actions, it is easy to separate substances from any mixture.

Liquid sparingly soluble substances: method No. 7

Consider how to separate a mixture of vegetable oil and water. It takes into account the density of substances. An element with lower values ​​of the indicator pops up. In this case, vegetable oil will rise. Separate it with a dividing funnel - this is a vessel, tapering down. A tap is mounted on the shank. Through it, a denser substance first merges, the remaining part is placed in another container.

In this way, heterogeneous mixtures of different colors are separated . With an indistinguishable fluid boundary , additional steps are used:

• A medium density substance is added between the two solutions in the mixture. It should differ in color . Then , the loyalists who were left with loya were replaced one by one.

• They use a chemistry book and try to color one of the existing liquid substances . Then, the obtained layers of affairs are sorted by an integral funnel.

Sparingly soluble substances can be separated by chromatography. This method is based on the adsorption ( absorption ) of one another in the surface of another. Thus, the emerged vegetable oil can be absorbed by the filter paper, which is lowered onto the surface of the liquid .

Chromatography is used to clean lakes and oceans in the event of a leak of oil substances. Solid filters pass over the surface of the oil stain. It remains on the material, which is then disposed of.