Parents of babies are increasingly wondering about the need and feasibility of conducting routine vaccinations for their children. We’ll talk about how the CCP vaccine is tolerated. Adults do not trust vaccine manufacturers, the quality of their production, and the observance of transportation and storage conditions. In addition, the health of our children is impaired and weakened due to environmental factors - often babies suffer from allergic reactions, colds. Questions arise about how the child will be vaccinated, what the immune response will be, and what are the possible consequences for the baby’s health. Everything in order in our article.
What diseases are vaccinated with CCP?
Inoculation of CCP is the introduction of a vaccine against diseases such as measles, mumps (popularly referred to as “mumps”) and rubella. It is possible to vaccinate against these diseases as part of a complex or monovaccine. Do children need protection against these diseases, why are they dangerous?
Measles is an infectious disease accompanied by a characteristic rash and fever. After about 5 days, the rashes begin to decrease, the body temperature returns to normal. A short-term disease that goes away on its own - how is it dangerous for a child? The danger lies in the development of various serious complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media, eye damage and others. A feature of the spread of the disease is that when in contact with a sick person, an unvaccinated child becomes infected in almost 100% of cases. Given this fact, children are less often vaccinated with CPC, the consequences were not long in coming - cases of the disease are increasing every year.
Rubella in childhood is not difficult to carry, often even without an increase in body temperature. Symptoms of the disease are a small rash and swollen lymph nodes. But the disease poses a serious danger to a pregnant woman, namely to her fetus. If the girl was not vaccinated in childhood from rubella or did not get sick with it, then having matured, she falls into the risk group during pregnancy. Rubella interferes with the proper development of the fetus, often infection of the expectant mother leads to a miscarriage or premature birth. At the birth of a child, serious malformations of the newborn are possible, often incompatible with life. Therefore, a PDA vaccine is essential for girls.
Mumps affect the parotid glands. Headaches occur, a high temperature appears, up to 40 degrees, a swelling forms on the neck and in the area of the ears. It is difficult for a child to chew, swallow. The following complications of mumps are possible: otitis media, inflammation of the brain, boys often develop testicular inflammation (orchitis), which in the future can lead to infertility.
All of the above diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets and by domestic means, that is, every unvaccinated person can become infected, regardless of preventive measures.
PDA vaccine principle
Vaccinated against diseases with the help of a complex or monovaccine. An immune response is produced in 92-97% of vaccinated people.
All drugs for vaccination of CPC have a common property - they contain live (weakened) pathogens of diseases. How does PDA (vaccination) work? The instruction indicates a direct infection of a person after administration of the drug. But the vaccine provides such a number of living microorganisms that all protective functions begin to work in the body, including the production of antibodies to the pathogenic flora. A full-fledged disease does not develop. However, various adverse reactions are possible. We will talk more about them below.
What are PDA vaccines?
To date, the following drugs are used in the CIS countries for vaccination of CPC:
Measles vaccine:
- The drug L-16 is of Russian manufacture. It is made on the basis of a quail egg, which is an advantage, since children often have an allergic reaction to chicken protein (namely, it is used in most foreign vaccines).
From mumps:
- The Russian live vaccine L-3, as well as the drug L-16, is made from a quail egg.
- Czech drug Pavivak.
From rubella:
- Rudivax produced in France.
- Hervevax, England.
- Indian Vaccine SII.
Complex vaccines:
- Russian drug for measles and mumps.
- "Priorix" is a Belgian-made PDA vaccine. Reviews about the drug are positive. He has gained the trust of medical professionals and consumers. In private clinics for immunization against 3 diseases - measles, rubella and mumps - this particular vaccine is recommended as the safest and most effective.
- The Dutch vaccine “MMP-II” has an ambiguous reputation - there is an opinion that after vaccination with this drug the symptoms of autism in children developed, but reliable information on this subject does not currently exist.
How is vaccination given?
Usually does not cause difficulties in carrying out a PDA vaccination. The reaction of the child during administration can manifest itself in the form of severe restless crying. Post-vaccination complications can appear only on the fifth day after vaccination. In order to minimize possible adverse reactions, the procedure must be carried out in compliance with all safety standards. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the vaccine should be unpacked immediately before the procedure. Dissolve the drug should only be a special solution that is attached to the vaccine.
Newborns are given in the thigh or shoulder, older children - in the subscapular area vaccination with the CCP. Complications that do not cause anxiety for health workers can be as follows: pain, redness, swelling in the area of the drug administration are possible within two days. But if the above symptoms acquire a pronounced character and are accompanied by other adverse reactions, a pediatrician should be consulted.
Vaccination schedule
The CCP vaccine is given to one year old babies, after which they repeat the immunization at 6 years old. In some cases, adults are vaccinated for medical reasons. For example, a woman during pregnancy planning. It should be noted that the onset of conception should be planned at least 3 months after vaccination with CPC.
The vaccine is combined with other drugs for immunization: CPC can be simultaneously carried out with vaccinations against hemophilic infection, hepatitis A, KDP, tetanus, polio vaccines.
Absolute contraindications for vaccination of CPC
There are absolute and temporary contraindications for CPC vaccination. You will have to refuse immunization in the following conditions of the patient:
- congenital or acquired immunodeficiency;
- the presence of cellular immunity defects;
- severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
- the presence of allergies to the components of the drug.
Temporary contraindications
In the event of temporary health problems of the vaccinated child or adult, a CPC vaccination is carried out after complete recovery and restoration of the body's immune forces. Contraindications are as follows:
- taking corticosteroids, immunomodulating drugs, radio and chemotherapy;
- acute respiratory infections;
- exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- treatable diseases of the circulatory system;
- kidney problems
- fever and fever;
- pregnancy.
Common Adverse Reactions
PDA (vaccination) is usually tolerated favorably. Adverse reactions occur in 10% of cases. Some complications that arise do not cause concern for doctors, they belong to the list of normal immune responses to the drug. It is important to remember that any reaction to the PDA vaccine can occur only from 4 to 15 days after the immunization. If any deviations in the health of the vaccinated person appeared earlier or later than the specified time, then they are in no way associated with the vaccine, except for the redness of the injection site, which is observed in the first two days.
The usual reactions after vaccination with CPC include:
- temperature increase (up to 39 degrees);
- runny nose;
- cough;
- redness of the pharynx;
- an increase in the parotid glands and lymph nodes;
- allergic reactions: rash, urticaria (most often such reactions occur on the antibiotic "Neomycin" and the protein included in the preparations);
- in women, there are post-vaccination complaints of pain in the muscles and joints. Such a reaction in children and men is noted only in 0.3% of cases.
Complications
Cases of serious complications after vaccination with CPC have been noted. Fortunately, they are rare, against the background of other disorders in the body. The causes of adverse reactions may be the patient’s disease, poor-quality vaccine, improper use of the drug. Complications after vaccination of CCP include:
- Cramps developing against a background of high temperature. With this symptom, antipyretic drugs of paracetamol are prescribed, and it is also recommended to be examined by a neurologist to exclude the background development of damage to the nervous system.
- Post-vaccination damage to the brain (encephalitis). When deciding whether or not to receive a CPC vaccine , one should take into account that such a complication after vaccination is found 1000 times less than with a full infection with measles or rubella.
- After vaccination against mumps or complex vaccination, which includes this disease, in 1% of cases, the development of meningitis is possible, while with the transfer of the disease this indicator reaches 25%.
- Within 30 minutes after vaccination with a CCP, a reaction in the form of anaphylactic shock is possible. To save life in such a situation, only the introduction of adrenaline will help. Therefore, do not self-medicate - go to a specialized public or private clinic for vaccination, and follow all the doctor’s instructions, including follow up on the vaccine response within half an hour within the walls of a medical facility. A consultation of the patronage nurse on the fifth and tenth day after vaccination is also necessary.
- In extremely rare cases, thrombocytopenia is registered - a decrease in platelets in the blood.
Vaccination preparation
In order to reduce the risk of developing various post-vaccination complications, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation for immunization. Especially such measures are important when vaccinating children. Before routine vaccination, follow these guidelines:
- Do not introduce new foods into your child’s diet. If the baby is breastfed, a nursing mother should also follow a normal diet.
- A few days before the proposed vaccination, it is necessary to pass a general blood and urine test to exclude hidden, sluggish diseases.
- Children who are prone to allergic reactions or have such complications during previous vaccinations may be prescribed antihistamines 2 days before vaccination and several days after vaccination.
- After being vaccinated with a CCP, body temperature often rises to high levels. But, nevertheless, doctors do not recommend taking antipyretic drugs for prophylactic purposes. They are prescribed only to children with a predisposition to febrile seizures. Take the medicine immediately after the introduction of the vaccine.
- If your child is healthy and does not have indications for taking drugs, before vaccination for safety reasons, make sure that there are first-aid drugs in the house - antipyretics (Nurofen, Panadol) and antihistamines, for example, Suprastin.
- Immediately before the child is vaccinated, the pediatrician should examine: measure the temperature, assess the general state of health.
What to do after vaccination with PDA?
Has your child received a PDA vaccine? The reaction of the body can occur only on the 5th day. To minimize the occurrence of side effects, follow some tips. So, after vaccination also do not let the child try new products. In addition, exclude junk food, you can not overfeed the baby. Increase fluid intake.
In the first two days it is better to stay at home, since the crumb body is weakened and easily susceptible to infection by various diseases. Within two weeks, limit contact with others. Avoid overcooling or overheating of the baby.
When is it necessary to call a doctor?
After vaccination, carefully monitor the condition of the baby: regularly measure the temperature, observe its reactions, behavior, complaints. If the following symptoms are found, urgent medical attention is needed:
- diarrhea;
- vomiting
- high temperature, which does not get off with antipyretic drugs;
- temperature is above 40 degrees;
- severe allergic reaction;
- swelling or tightening of the injection site, which are more than 3 cm in diameter, or suppuration;
- prolonged causeless crying of the child;
- cramps
- Quincke's edema;
- suffocation;
- loss of consciousness.
When deciding whether to give a CCP (vaccination) to a child or refuse, weigh the pros and cons. Consider the disappointing statistics, which suggest that with a full infection with measles, mumps or rubella, the likelihood of complications of various degrees of severity is hundreds of times higher than after vaccination with modern drugs. In addition, the reviews of mothers indicate a high level of safety of vaccination with the CCP - the vast majority of vaccinated children did not have any post-vaccination complications. Follow the preventive measures and the doctor’s instructions - then the vaccine will bring your baby only benefits and protect against serious diseases.