Training the population in civil defense is a task of national importance. She is one of the highest priorities. The importance and necessity of it in peacetime is difficult to overestimate.
The main objectives of civil defense - a list
It consists of the following actions:
1. To educate the population in the ways in which it can protect itself from the dangers that arise as a result of military operations or in their conduct.
2. Notify residents of such dangers.
3. Evacuate people, as well as material and cultural values, to a safe area.
4. Provide residents with shelter and personal protective equipment.
5. Carry out activities for light camouflage and its other types.
6. During military operations and their consequences conduct emergency rescue operations.
7. Provide the population affected by the hostilities with medical care, providing urgently needed first aid measures.
8. Fight fires during hostilities or their consequences.
9. Identify and identify areas that have been exposed to contamination - radioactive, chemical, biological, etc.
10. Disinfect the population, buildings, territory, equipment and carry out other urgent measures.
11. Restore and maintain order in places affected by hostilities.
12. Promptly organize the work of all the necessary utilities in the conditions of war.
13. Carry out the burial of corpses.
14. To develop measures whose purpose is the preservation of particularly important facilities necessary for the stable functioning of the economic system and ensuring the survival and safety of the population during the war.
15. Provide and maintain the resources of civil defense in full readiness.
Civil Defense - Population Training Program
The methodology and details of this action are given in Resolution No. 841 adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation in November 2000. This document lists the main tasks for training the population in the field of civil defense. These include the following:
1. To study the types of protection against the dangers of martial law, the procedure according to warning signals, the methods by which urgent medical care is provided, and the rules for the use of protective equipment - individual and collective.
2. Improve and hone skills related to the conduct and proper organization of civil defense events.
3. To develop the skills necessary for emergency work of an emergency rescue nature.
4. To conduct training in the field of civil defense in the organization of civil defense and its formations (that is, among personnel) in the methods of action to protect civilians and material assets from the dangers of wartime.
Who are the trainees?
All individuals subject to civil defense training can be assigned to one of the following groups:
1. Heads of civil defense authorities of federal authorities, heads of government (executive) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and heads of local self-government, who, according to the position, act as heads of civil defense.
2. Officials, heads and employees of bodies managing events of civil society (including the heads of organizations).
3. The personnel of the respective formations.
4. The working population, not related to the composition of formations.
5. Pupils of schools and students.
6. The unemployed population.
How and where are classes
Conducting training for civil defense of residents is carried out according to a unified system of training in this area and protection from situations of natural and man-made origin. Such training is mandatory. It is conducted in educational institutions of the Ministry of the Russian Federation on civil defense affairs, in institutions where representatives of government bodies and other organizations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the UMC, and in civil defense courses receive advanced training.
In addition, classes are conducted at the place of study, residence and work. Persons leading the civil defense of organizations, workers in this field and teachers of life safety courses are trained at least every 5 years.
What is being done to achieve this important and urgent goal - training in the field of civil defense?
Functions of the Federal Authorities
1. Plan and carry out training events for officials and other employees.
2. To carry out management of an organizational and methodological nature, as well as monitoring the process of training personnel of all federal civil defense services and subordinate organizations (formations).
3. Develop state educational standards, as well as methods and programs for teaching students and schoolchildren the course of life safety and the subject "Life Safety".
4. Conduct teaching of the discipline called "Life Safety" for students in those institutions that are under the authority of these bodies.
5. Advocate knowledge in the field of civil defense.
What are the authorities obliged to do in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation?
Their tasks are as follows:
1. Draw up training plans for civil defense.
2. Organize teaching and learning in educational institutions (both public and private) of the OBZh course.
3. To create and equip, from a technical point of view, courses, consulting centers and teaching materials with the organization of their activities.
4. Taking into account the peculiarities of the region, specify the programs according to which officials and employees will receive training in such training centers and at relevant courses.
5. Conduct training camps with the participation of teachers OBZH and leadership of OS.
6. Advocate knowledge in the field of civil defense among the population.
7. To produce the release of special literature and necessary manuals with the provision of the population.
8. Monitor the quality and progress of public education in the field of civil defense.
9. Train employees of their own organizations in this area with clarification of the composition and methods of necessary programs.
10. Monitor the state of the material and training base for classes on civil defense.
And what does the Ministry of Emergencies do?
The Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations is prescribed by law:
1. To carry out management of an organizational and methodological nature by a unified system for preparing the population in the field of civil defense and emergency protection in an organizational and methodological plan.
2. Conduct training for civil servants of government officials - federal, and subjects of the Russian Federation.
3. Supervise the federal authorities, as well as the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government in training personnel and civilians to protect against the dangers of wartime.
4. To develop and approve training programs in the field of civil defense for various groups of students, except students and schoolchildren, to maintain a list of officials undergoing retraining or advanced training events at training centers of the Ministry of Emergencies, UMC, and civil defense courses.
5. Establish regulations for the duration and frequency of exercises and necessary training in the field of civil defense.
6. To be in charge of certification on these issues of the chiefs of civil defense.
In the appendix to the aforementioned Regulation, forms are established in which training is conducted in the field of civil defense with a breakdown into groups.
What do superiors teach?
Those who by their position are the head of civil defense (to the heads of governing bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and federal, to the heads of local self-government) are ordered:
1. To carry out independent work with documents of a regulatory nature on all issues affecting the organization, planning and implementation of any civil defense activities.
2. To study and clarify their own functional responsibilities related to the field of civil defense.
3. Personally participate in exercises and trainings, training camps and other activities related to civil defense.
Those who lead the civil defense of organizations (officials and ordinary employees) should:
1. Conduct self-training in this area.
2. Improve your own qualifications and undergo retraining in the training organizations of the Ministry of Emergencies, as well as in the institutions of local authorities, in special centers and courses on civil defense.
3. Participate in ongoing exercises, training camps, trainings and other planned events.
What do the personnel of existing formations on civil defense teach?
Those who are part of the staff of civil society organizations should be:
1. Steadily improve their own qualifications in courses GO and in the relevant UMC. This applies mainly to leaders of the formations.
2. Conduct training on civil defense of personnel of each formation directly at the workplace.
3. Participate in training and exercises related to GO.
How is work with non-group populations built?
1. For the working population it is envisaged to conduct classes on the job.
2. Citizens are required to regularly participate in ongoing training, exercises and other planned activities related to civil defense.
3. The study is being conducted on an individual basis of the possible available methods of protection against dangers that occur during the war or as a result of hostilities.
How to teach students and schoolchildren
1. During school hours, teaching life safety and the subject "Life Safety" is taught .
2. Pupils and students should take part in all ongoing exercises and trainings of the GO system.
3. It is incumbent upon them to study textbooks, memos, and leaflets of the corresponding subject, to watch television programs, and to listen to radio programs on civil defense.
And what is required of the non-working population?
1. The main form of work with this category of residents is to conduct events on the subject of civil defense with them, that is, to conduct conversations, organize lectures, consultations, provide the necessary information, show educational films, etc.
2. If possible, the participation of such citizens in the exercises held at the place of residence should be organized.
3. Just like students, they must be involved in obtaining information on this topic in all possible ways - reading manuals, memos, watching TV shows and listening to radio programs.