Mathematics is manifested in all phenomena of life, its language is logical and understandable to people from all over the world. The greatest scientists who have worked in this area often continue to exert influence on people's lives even after their death. What kind of mathematicians should everyone know?
Bertrand Russell
Like many other well-known mathematicians, Bertrand showed interest in the exact sciences as a child. He entered Cambridge University, and upon completion continued teaching at it. In addition to mathematics, he was also interested in philosophy. He defended his doctoral dissertation on geometry. Fame to Russell brought a book on the principles of mathematics, created with a colleague Whitehead. The work "Problems of Philosophy" has become another major contribution. This work is still considered the best. In addition, Bertrand Russell led an active public life and published works on cognition.
Alan Turing
It is rare that famous mathematicians become an inspiration for writers or directors. But Turing is an exception, he is not just a brilliant scientist, but also the inventor of unique decryption methods. Therefore, his life seems such an exciting story. Modern mathematicians and programmers still use the Turing machine, the principle of which is the basis of the theory of algorithms. It is required for study in all textbooks on logic. At the same time, Alan Turing alone did more than many famous mathematicians combined. He personally coined the term "computer", became a pioneer of computer science and founded the theory of artificial intelligence, without it it is impossible to imagine modern programming. In the end, he can be called the first hacker in the world. He hacked the code of the German fleet, which allowed the Allies to win. Perhaps without Turing, the course of history would have been completely different. But the life of a brilliant scientist ended tragically: he committed suicide by eating an apple poisoned with cyanide.
August Mobius
Many well-known mathematicians gave their surname to any concepts or phenomena discovered during the work. Moebius is no exception: even someone who is not strong in the exact sciences has heard his name. The future mathematician was born in Saxony. After studying at college, Schulpfort entered the University of Leipzig, where he first studied law, and then changed his specialization in astronomy and mathematics. It is believed that the influence of the Leipzig teacher Mollveide was so manifested. In 1813, Moebius moved to Göttingen, where at that time the most famous mathematicians worked. In 1815 he received a doctorate and became a professor of astronomy. In parallel, he was engaged in mathematical research, many of which, including the famous Mobius strip, were published only after the death of the scientist. His works on the subject of projective geometry and algebraic curves seem relevant even today.
Nikolai Lobachevsky
The list of leading world scientists should include well-known Russian mathematicians. One of the most famous, of course, is Nikolai Lobachevsky. The future mathematician had a difficult fate. He was an illegitimate child, in addition, his father died early. Lobachevsky received his education at the gymnasium in Kazan and even then became interested in mathematics, and then entered the local university. Incredible success in studies led to the fact that Nikolai was given a master's degree, in addition, he was left at the university to receive a professorship. In the process of his teaching activities, Lobachevsky taught a course in physical and mathematical sciences. In 1826, he proved the theorem on parallels, which was the beginning of non-Euclidean geometry and inverted the concept of space that existed before. Already in 1827, Lobachevsky became the rector of his native university. He was elected to the post six times in a row. Under Lobachevsky, the university changed: new buildings appeared, the library received many books, and the laboratories received the latest equipment. But after six terms by a government decree of the Ministry of Education, he was sent to the assistant of the trustee of the school district, which interrupted his scientific activities and became the end of a serious career as a great mathematician.