There are a lot of diseases and flaws in nails, and more signs are accompanied by signs from which such changes in nails can be distinguished initially in appearance. How to cure at home without much effort - read on in the article.
Signs
The main signs should include the following:
- Color and structure change to uncharacteristic.
- The shell of the nail plate exfoliates.
- Nails break easily.
- Departure from the finger bed.
- The edges of the nail cut into the tissue of the finger.
Classification
All diseases are classified into three categories:
- Caused by viruses and bacteria.
- Changes in appearance that are caused by mechanical stress or injury.
- Nail flaws as a side symptom of diseases or malfunctions in the body.
If any of these nail defects occurs, you should immediately consult a specialist in the field of dermatology. Modification of their structure and the resulting deviations can be side symptoms of more significant failures of the endocrine or nervous system. Such diseases can overtake any person and are detected quite simply. Others, on the contrary, are difficult to determine, and their symptoms are sometimes called side effects of a more significant illness.
Kinds
Non-fungal diseases include the following:
- Leukonichia - is expressed in small white stripes and spots that appear as a result of pathogenic processes in the nail. The cause may be local trauma in the growth area, incomplete keratin filling of the nail plate, poisoning of the body, infectious processes and liver diseases.
- Hyperkeratosis is an extensive change in the thickness of the nail due to diseases of the thyroid gland, depriving, fungal infections, hypovitaminosis or vitamin deficiency, overweight or under the influence of stressful situations for the body.
- Chromonychia - the color of the nail plate turns yellow. This can happen due to diseases of the bronchi, respiratory system, urogenital system, errors in the endocrine system, oncological processes, weak immunity, skin diseases, long-term use of certain drugs or the use of low-quality varnish.
- Onycholysis is the stratification of the whole nail or its parts from soft tissues. Above the stratification area, the shade of the nail plate changes. It is blue with a cloudy tint, yellowish or brown. Treatment of onycholysis should be carried out based on the cause of the disease. The disease may not be caused by infections (stroke or bruise, taking drugs) or infectious (fungi and bacteria).
- Melanonychia is the darkening of the nail plate to brown or black due to injury or other bases.
- Paronychia is a disease of the area near the nail due to infections.
Other factors in the appearance of the disease
Some other problems may appear in those who have the habit of biting their nails or tearing them off. Then inflammation of the roller and nail is more likely. This sensation is very significant, and treatment measures can lead to nail loss. The best option when a burr occurs is to carefully cut it off with scissors for manicure, and treat the skin around it with an antiseptic. There are also fungal pathogens of nail diseases. Not all fungi can cause nail diseases. The identification of a specific pathogen in a person with a similar problem is very important for determining the further development of the disease and prescribing effective treatment. This is determined by the fact that different groups of pathogens are susceptible to different drugs.
On the epidemiology side, all geographical areas have their own varieties of fungi. And yet, certain types of bacteria are found that are found almost everywhere. Each of them has its own distinctive features in the formation of onychomycosis. From time to time, this makes it possible to identify the type of fungus even before the recommendation of a specific analysis.
In addition, experiments have been carried out that show that onychomycosis can be caused by the combination of several varieties of the pathogen. This significantly complicates the high-quality diagnosis and determine the necessary procedures, because after determining one pathogen, specialists often stop looking. In most cases, a combination of two types of dermatophytes occurs. Other combinations of microorganisms are infrequently determined. Cases with a combination of three or more fungal pathogens are known.
Treatment
Comprehensive treatment measures involve taking medicines. In this case, these drugs are absorbed into the intestines and end up in the blood. The vast majority of today's tools that are used to get rid of onychomycosis have the ability to accumulate in the nails. This determines the most effective and lasting therapeutic effect. However, obvious improvements may occur later than with the use of ointments and creams. The possibility of complications during the completed procedures is relatively low. Those who do not know how to cure a toenail (large) are advised to read the following information. It is treated as well as all other nails. But since it is most susceptible to damage, it is recommended to regularly change the bandages and apply ointment.
Many drugs for the fungus are endowed with significant side effects, which increase with prolonged use. As a result, the choice of the drug and the method of its use can be determined only by a dermatologist after a thorough examination of the patient. His decision will be affected not only by the susceptibility of the fungal pathogens themselves to the agent, but also how the patient perceives it.
"Griseofulvin"
In particular, "Griseofulvin" is another drug that can cure nail fungus. It blocks protein division inside fungal pathogens, as a result of which the fungus is destroyed and dies. The usual dosage is 500 mg per day. The maximum can be taken 1 g. It is best to eat either during meals, or immediately after it. Duration of admission is from three months to six months.
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole is a great way to cure your nails quickly. No less effective, but it must be used with extreme caution due to many side effects - such as destruction of the liver, blocking male hormones. The maximum permissible dose is 200 mg per day. Long-term treatment is strongly discouraged.
Laser treatment
To date, increased effectiveness of laser therapy against onychomycosis has been established. The infected nail receives laser irradiation with a adjustable radiation intensity. It seeps deep into the nail and induces local dying of the fungus. By its nature, laser therapy is considered a substitute for local drug treatment, because it acts in exactly the same way as medications. It can be prescribed for immunity to anti-fungal agents.
How can you cure your nails yet?
Surgical removal of nails infected with fungal diseases is practically not performed. The main prescription for this can be considered the addition of bacteria that caused the infection, or the complete absence of the result from the medications. Most often, surgery is performed with an ingrown nail. The technology of conducting is that the cuticle of the nail is lifted and cut.
How to cure a large toenail?
Conservative therapy is acceptable at an early stage of an ingrown nail - at the first occurrence of soreness and redness. How to cure an ingrown toenail?
- Carefully choose shoes: refrain from large heels and squeezing (as, indeed, too loose) shoes.
- Salt baths that need to be carried out every day 2-3 times. For the procedure, it is necessary to make a warm mixture of salt and withstand the affected foot in it for 10-15 minutes.
- Baths with soda and potassium permanganate. The rule is the same: we soften the skin of the affected area and remove the inflammation in the prepared solution for 15 minutes. Repeat until the absolute cure.
- Vishnevsky ointment or ichthyol ointment can be tested when a purulent discharge occurs. After one of the above baths, apply the ointment, cover with gauze, bandage and leave overnight.
- Correction plates and other devices.
To apply corrective plates, you will need to contact honey. institution where they find a plate, spring or bracket. The device raises the edge of the nail plate, reduces the pressure of the edge of the nail on the skin and stimulates the healing process. Correction plates are quite effective and have small dimensions.
Prevention
In order not to think about how to cure a finger nail (ingrown), you should follow the recommendations. Prevention of nail diseases is very important, since compliance with all necessary measures makes it possible to prevent many possible diseases that are very difficult to cure later. Moreover, preventive measures do not imply any special efforts from a person. It is only necessary to observe some simple rules. In particular, carefully protect your nails from bruises and bumps. This thins their structure, makes them more fragile and painful.
Prevention of nail diseases consists primarily in observing hand hygiene, especially in a public place. Before you go anywhere from home, it is imperative to complete the treatment of hands and feet with antifungal agents. Do not wear shoes worn by anyone. Among other things, it is imperative to ensure that the shoes are comfortable. You need to eat right, monitor the level of hemoglobin in the blood and strengthen the immune system. Manicure and pedicure procedures must be carried out by a good master. Mainly, you need to ensure that it does not damage the skin near the nail and cuticle.
You need to thoroughly wash your hands and nails, removing dirt from under them. In addition, you must not be lazy to wipe them dry, because fungal infections reproduce best in a humid environment. If you have a habit of biting your nails, it is best to get rid of it, as this will help to avoid infection by bacteria, dirt and inflammation. It is not recommended to test acetone-based varnish-flushing agents. In addition, to maintain the health of nails, you need to reconsider your taste habits, refusing food that can harm your health. But at the same time, it is necessary to increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and products containing calcium.