Parenting is an extremely important process, as they are future members of society. They need to be prepared for life in it in such a way as to reveal their full potential and capabilities. In recent years, educators are increasingly using personality-oriented technologies. They begin to apply them already from preschool institutions, which greatly increases their effectiveness.
What is it?
For the first time this term is found in the work of the psychologist Carl Rogers. He owns the proof of the theory that successful pedagogical and psychotherapeutic activity requires, in general, the same approach.
Rogers says that for success in these matters, empathy with another person, acceptance of his personality without any additional conditions is extremely important. In domestic pedagogical circles, the term “personality-oriented technologies” is considered as one of the ways of interaction in which the teacher provides the most harmonious development of the child’s personality and his abilities based only on those qualities that are characteristic of a particular person.
Brief historical background
Once upon a time, that is, a century in the 17th-18th centuries, a landowner lived in Russia. And he was famous for the fact that each of his serfs lived richly, and even had a reputation for being a rare craftsman in a certain area. The neighbors were jealous and astonished: where did the gentleman get so many smart, talented people from?
Once, a local fool nailed to him. He was good for nothing: he was not really able to work in the field, nor was he trained in crafts. The other would have already given up on a wretched hand, but the landowner did not give up, watching for a long time this strange man. And he noticed that the “fool” was able to sit for days on end, polishing a small piece of glass with his sleeve, bringing it to a state of rock crystal.
Just a year later, the former wretched was considered the best window washer in all of Moscow, his services were so popular that the former serf, who had already bought his own freedoms a long time ago, made a list of those who wished for almost six months ahead ...
Why have we all told this? Yes, the whole point is that this example is a classic personality-oriented technology "in the field." The landowner was able to look closely at each person and reveal those talents of a person that were originally laid in him. In schools and kindergartens, teachers face exactly the same tasks.
How should a child's personality be considered?
In this teaching, the personality of the child is a priority subject; it is its development that is the main goal of the entire educational system. In general, for a long time this approach has been called anthropocentric. The main thing that a teacher should always remember is that children should be fully respected and supported in all their creative endeavors. The teacher and the student must work together, together achieving their goals.
In general, the technology of a personality-oriented approach includes the concept that the educational process should be as comfortable as possible for the child, he is obliged to cause him only a sense of security and a desire to develop his abilities further.
Simply put, the child needs to be given as much independence as possible. Having a choice, a teenager develops much better, as he does this not under the influence of external factors, but only because of his own desire and desire to learn.
The main tasks and goals
What rules should be followed, “professing” personality-oriented technologies in pedagogical activity? Oh, there are quite a few of them. Let's list them in detail:
- It is imperative to develop and implement individual training programs that focus on the abilities and talents of each child.
- Constructive-simulation games, group dialogs should be held.
- Trainees themselves must be directly involved in creating the training material. This greatly stimulates their interest in the topic being studied.
In addition, personality-oriented pedagogical technologies must necessarily take into account the following features:
- Throughout the lesson, you need to assess the psycho-emotional state of their wards.
- Maintaining the highest level of motivation.
- Identification of the experience of each child on the topic proposed in the lesson. The material must be submitted, focusing on the specific features of each learning group.
- When explaining a new term unknown to the child, it is necessary to precisely convey its meaning to it. Questions "Got it?" and affirmative nodding of the head in response often indicate that neither the teacher nor his ward are interested in real assimilation of the material.
- An experienced psychologist should consistently work with children, based on the recommendations of which the entire educational process is built. Actually, personality-oriented pedagogical technologies are impossible without the close work of psychologists with each class.
- In the classroom, one must make extensive use of the practice of group, pair or individual work, abandoning the habit of referring to the class in a "frontal" way.
- Do not forget about the different levels of perception of boys and girls. Simply put, the work should definitely take into account the gender aspect. This technology of personality-oriented education is fundamentally different from many teaching methods that are used in modern schools.
- Each topic should be discussed using various didactic techniques. This allows the child to better master and consolidate the material in memory.
- It is necessary to use a scheme of self-assessment and mutual evaluation of the assimilation of material by each student.
- It is necessary to organize the educational process in such a way that children gain confidence in their abilities and skills.
- Mandatory reflection at the end of each lesson: the students repeat what they learned, tell the teacher about all the points that interested them.
Concept classification
Why do you think the term “student-centered technology” is used in education? More precisely, why is this concept used in the plural? Everything is simple. These are actually technologies, there are several of them. In the form of a table, we will not only describe them, but also give a brief but comprehensive description of each variety. So what are their types? Personality-oriented technologies are divided into six main categories, which are described below.
Technology name | Her characteristic |
Research | The main feature is an independent study of the material. "Opening through knowledge." A large amount of handout and visual material is required, from which the trainees will learn the most important information |
Communicative | As the name implies, during the lesson it is necessary to make maximum emphasis on the discussion of the studied material by the trainees. “Truth is born in dispute!” If you have already managed to arouse children's interest in the topic under discussion, this form of the lesson is able to spur it even more |
Game | This technique is used not only by personality-oriented technologies in DOW. The game is important not only for preschoolers: for high school, for example, it is extremely important to conduct lessons that will model professional difficulties and methods for solving them that can be found everywhere in adults |
Psychological | In this case, trainings and seminars are required. Their goal is one. The learner must independently choose their preferred field and method of further study of the topic. |
Activity | The name is not entirely clear, but in practice everything is as simple as possible: the child participates in the compilation of educational material, feels himself the subject of the educational process |
Reflective | Each student should be able to independently analyze the results of the last lesson, work on errors, formulate competent and specific questions to the teacher in case of any ambiguities |
The main options for the learning process
Modern teachers who use the technology of personality-oriented interaction, identify four main options for this interaction. Each of them should be “tried on”, since not every teacher can work equally effectively in all four areas.
Humane-personal approach to the child
In this case, the totality of the personal qualities of each of the children you are teaching should be at the center of the educational program. The school here has only one specific goal - to awaken the dormant internal forces and talents of the ward, to use them for the harmonious development of the young personality. The following ideas prevail in this approach:
- The person is put "at the forefront." The characteristics of the entire educational process depend on its characteristics. Thus, student-centered technologies in the school imply maximum friendliness of the learning process to the student himself.
- Pedagogical relations with students should be as democratic as possible. The teacher and student are equal partners, not the leader and follower.
- Say “No” to direct coercion as a method that often does not have a real positive effect in the long run.
- An individual approach is not only welcome, but also is the main method that is used in training.
- In addition, personality-oriented technologies (Yakimanskaya in particular) provide for the need to explain to the child the concepts of “personality”, “personal freedom”.
Didactic activating and developing complex
The main question: what and how to teach students? In this case, the content of the curriculum is only a means for the dynamic and harmonious development of the personality of the ward, and not as the only goal of the school. The positive stimulation of students is widely used. It is necessary to introduce
teaching methods that directly stimulate children to learn something new.
The improvement of the educational process should be carried out on the basis of didactic ideas, which are described in the works of R. Steiner, V. F. Shatalov, S. N. Lysenkova, P. M. Erdniev, and other specialists who today are generally recognized “meters” of didactic method.
Parenting concept
In this case, personality-oriented educational technologies reflect the main trends common in modern schools:
- School should be not only a source of knowledge, but also a means of educating the younger generation. In principle, Soviet educators were well aware of this, but today for some reason they constantly forget about this most important function.
- As in all past examples, the identity of the student must be focused on.
- The orientation of upbringing should be humanistic; in adolescents, universal ideas of humanism and compassion should be brought up.
- It is extremely important to develop the creative abilities of each child, without exception.
- In schools of regional centers, increased attention should be paid to the revival of national traditions and customs of the small peoples whose representatives live there.
- Collective education should be combined with an individual approach.
- Goals must be set from simple to complex tasks, adequately assessing the abilities of each individual student.
Pedagogization of the environment
Historically, it was the school that became perhaps the most important social institution, the value of which is difficult to overestimate. Along with the family and social environment, it is she who is the most important factor that determines the further development of the individual.
The results of this formation are determined by a combination of all three factors. Here we come to the meaning of this method, which, again, has long been used by experienced domestic educators. We are talking about the extreme importance of interaction with parents and social organizations, as this will create the most favorable environment for the formation of personal qualities of the child.
Features of work in a preschool educational institution
As we have already noted, personality-oriented technologies are also used in DOW. Of course, in this case there are specific features that must be taken into account in the process.
Today, high technologies that are prevalent in every layer of modern society prevail. The teacher’s task is to use the possibilities of interactive educational technologies even in kindergarten. This will immediately interest the kids, give them an incentive for independent study of the proposed topics.
Fundamentally important is the position of the child in the educational process. The teacher must adhere to a simple belief: “Not near, not above him, but together!” The purpose of this approach is to fully promote the harmonious development of a self-sufficient person, self-confident, relieved of complexes that significantly interfere with the normal educational process.
The main task of the teacher in the kindergarten is the formation of a research type of thinking in the child, the ability to independent, conscious and effective study of the world around him. It should be remembered that the main method of educational work should be technology for solving some practical problems in an easy, playful way. You should offer the children some kind of task that can be solved by conducting interesting and exciting experiments.
Basic methods of work in kindergarten
What methods and techniques should be followed? Let's list them in more detail:
- Conversations of the “heuristic type” during which children in practice can be convinced of the correctness of the material told by the teacher.
- The solution of all arising issues of a problem nature "on the go", without delay. Otherwise, the child may lose interest in studying topics.
- Constant monitoring of the world.
- Modeling of processes that constantly occur in wildlife.
- Setting up similar experiments.
- All the results of experiments and experiments must be recorded in the form of colorful, detailed drawings.
- If possible, you need to bring quality handouts to classes, include recordings of wildlife sounds.
- The teacher should offer students to imitate these sounds by conducting thematic games.
- Emphasis in descriptions should be placed on the development of an artistic word, which allows you to accurately and beautifully express your thoughts, not stammer. Thus, the correct diction also develops, which is likely to be useful to man in all subsequent periods of his life.
- Setting realistic situations that involve their resolution by creative methods.
- Various workouts.
So we examined what should be characterized by the correct use of personality-oriented technologies in modern educational institutions and kindergartens.