Globalization is the direction of development of the whole world, which has been going on for centuries and even millennia. And the farther - the faster. In the twentieth century, this process has reached a new level thanks to the scientific and technological revolution. Nowadays, this process is accelerating at an unprecedented pace - which is only worth the opportunity to learn almost anything with only a computer and access to the World Wide Web.
What is she like?
Originally a little about the meaning of words. Some researchers believe that the notion of “globalization” has replaced the concepts of “internationalization” and “interdependence”. Now it is evaluated as a unification and scaling on a global scale. Globalization is a new level of international relations. And education is no exception. What is she like? Globalization of education is understood as a wide set of structures and processes that are interpenetrating, interdependent and interdependent. In other words, they create a single whole in which any local event affects what happens in other parts.
Globalization of education began in the late 90s. It represents the creation of a single information field that allows you to get all the necessary data. It should highlight public and private initiative. For example, the former include the Russian Electronic Libraries and the National Computer Telecommunications Network for Science and Higher Education programs. As an example of private initiative, we can recall the "Khan Academy".
An important role in all cases is played by information technology. It is enough to have an electronic computer and Internet access - and literally unlimited opportunities for learning open up before a person. This is what the globalization of education is in general terms. This, of course, is generally a positive development. But there are also negative effects. Although they can to a large extent be classified as indirect, this does not change the very essence of the situation. But let's not rush: the positive and negative effects of globalization of education will be considered later.
About Informatization
An important feature of modern society as a whole and education in particular is the wide dissemination of advanced communication technologies. Even a rural school can have access to the highest quality materials. And all this thanks to this process. The computerization of society in the modern sense of the word began in the seventies of the last century. In the twenty-first century, this process has acquired a truly global scale. Under the influence of informatization, cardinal changes are taking place in many areas of human activity. This is not only education, but also science, culture, healthcare, the domestic sphere, and economics.
All changes taking place are widespread and affect the very depths of society. Moreover, they are interconnected. Consider an example: there is an enterprise engaged in economic activity. In order not to lose competitiveness and improve their own positions, it conducts staff training. Partially, it goes to a specialized training center, as well as using an automated system (which checks the completion of homework).
It may be such that the learning objects are generally at a considerable distance and do not meet live. In such cases, the role of information systems further increases. Consider another example. There is a village school in which a capable student is studying, not satisfied with the quality of the material. If he is self-organized enough, he can take up his own education on his own. There is a large amount of video material, manuals and even learning environments that lead literally hand in hand to new knowledge. Anyone who wants to study now has everything necessary for this. You need to literally reach out and take a chance. At the same time, without informatization, the globalization of education seems to be a difficult, even impossible task. How did it all begin?
The situation in the Russian Federation
The globalization of education in Russia began in the distant 1985. Then an extremely important decision was made by the government to send several thousand of the first personal computers to the field of education. A general course on the basics of computer science and computer engineering in secondary schools was also introduced. A new concept began to penetrate into public consciousness, now known to almost everyone - computer literacy. It involves the possession of skills to solve certain problems using an electronic computer. In addition, it studied the basic ideas of computer science, as well as the role of these technologies in the development of society.
Just before the collapse of the USSR, a change was made. Namely, the concept of informatization of education has been created. She determined the main directions, as well as the stages of development of society. The Concept emphasized that its main goal is to ensure the process of preparing a person for a full life in the information society. The stake was placed not only on the material and technical base, but also on the formation of a new culture of pedagogical work and the preparation of teaching and methodological complexes. She laid the foundation for the development of all this in the modern Russian Federation.
What factors of globalization of education play a significant role now?
Answering this question, it is necessary to highlight four main points:
- Equipping modern means of telecommunication and information technology. They are used as a new pedagogical tool, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of the educational process. This factor began to take shape with the introduction of computers in traditional academic disciplines. Now it has developed significantly and offers teachers various organizational forms of work, as well as new tools. There is information support for almost all stages of the educational process.
- The use of modern means of information and communication technologies and databases to support the student and teacher. They allow you to provide remote work, as well as access to methodological and scientific literature. And not only that which is in the country, but also existing in the whole world! The development of the education system does not stand still, and if someone wants to get access to the courses of the most advanced universities, this is not a problem, because their achievements, as a rule, can be found in the public domain.
- The development and increase in the prevalence of distance learning. This allows you to significantly expand the scale of the information and educational space.
- Review with subsequent radical change in the content of training at all stages of the process. This situation is caused by the rapid informatization of society. The changes that are taking place are focused not only on general education and vocational training, but also on the development of a new, more flexible model of people's behavior in life and activity in existing conditions.
What problems of globalization of education exist?
Alas, not without it. It was assumed that access to useful and necessary information would dispel people's misconceptions and superstitions, increase the general cultural level and bring a number of useful effects. In fact, globalization additionally gave them a separate platform where people who believe in mythology, magic and the like can unite, due to which, due to a long stay surrounded by like-minded people, superstition only grows stronger.
The risks of globalization of education are also relevant for the media. They are expressed in the form of the so-called cultural imperialism. For example, the struggle for free access to information and cultural heritage is intensifying. On the one hand, this is very good. But on the other hand, given the significant flows of migrants, the growing multi-ethnicity and multiculturalism, this leads to increased tension in society. An example is the Russian Federation, in which hundreds of thousands of migrants come to live irrevocably every year. In this regard, there is a transformation and destruction of traditional behavioral models, relationships and values.
In addition, the globalization of modern education contributes to the mobility of highly educated personnel and skilled people at the international level. In the Russian Federation, this process is commonly known as “brain drain”. What does he look like? There is a person, he is studying. It shows a good result, gets a higher education (or even goes abroad), and then, after a lot of spending, he moves to work in another state.
Nevertheless, globalization is objective. It is the result of political, economic, social and institutional factors. And many of its negative aspects are a logical consequence of the scientific and technological revolution.
About the impact
Let's look at how globalization affects educational processes. And we need an accurate source of information. As such, the website of the Department of Education in Moscow acted. It posted a lot of interesting information. In short, there is a tendency in the world when the human resource is recognized as a new parameter of enterprise competitiveness. Improving the quality of services and goods, shortening the life cycle and diversification, an integrated approach to resolving issues - all this is impossible without educated and trained personnel. Moreover, some enterprises expect to get already trained specialists, while others rely on accepting people with abilities and knowledge, and then they are already pulling them to the required qualification level.
In addition, globalization processes have a number of other advantages. For example, if you visit the website of the Department of Education in Moscow, you can be happy to find that you don’t need to personally enroll your child in kindergarten / watch the results of the Olympiad / apply for a vocational school / find out the student’s attendance. All this can be done through its network resource. Agree, this greatly facilitates bureaucratic red tape and saves time.
Thus, more time is left for training. Also, information systems provide continuous training for people. In this regard, it becomes relevant to assess the quality of education that a person receives. There is a definite problem here. Very often, it is not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of training for a short-term period, since the effect can relate to loss-making operations, which rarely occur, and a summation of consequences is often found, which helps bring the desired framework closer.
What is the matter?
The process of globalization of education is moving towards increasing the level of training of people, their technical, scientific and innovative potential. The modern training system must constantly monitor changes in requirements that are put forward by the labor market. That is, you need to prepare for the fact that you will have to get an education all your life. This requires many useful skills, among them the perception of new knowledge, crisis management, certain managerial issues.
The idea of ​​continuing education has found support among employers. That is, they agreed with the idea that a person should be able to learn throughout life. Indeed, it’s worth remembering even a little exotic retirement universities, and it becomes clear that the changes are irreversible. Globalization is becoming increasingly influential, and education is no exception. You have to learn all your life.
What is the current situation?
Despite the fact that the education offered by the state is gradually losing its role, the radical crowding out and gaining freedom in the framework of the educational process is still essentially declarative. Of course, there is a significant trend towards globalization. A new market for educational services is being formed, which allows us to increase the quality of our knowledge, skills and abilities. At the same time, the role of the state is increasingly reduced to acting as a financial donor when it collects taxes from citizens and then distributes them to the needs of the training process. And this is not surprising and quite fits into the current trend.
Education of the masses is an important factor not only for specific producers, but also for entire national economies. In this situation, everyone is interested in having the best deal. Therefore, now there are actively questions of the effectiveness of the distribution of financial resources and the functioning of educational institutions. At the same time, it is clear that movement in any direction should preserve guarantees for receiving free training. In this case, it is necessary to widely disseminate information on all existing opportunities. It is not enough for something to exist, it is necessary that they also know about it. It is also worth mentioning a rather weak craving for continuing education by ordinary citizens. Alas, now quite often it is necessary to state that harmful pastimes (TV, cigarettes, alcohol) are more common than improving a person in terms of rationality.
conclusions
Most of the traditional education system is influenced by market forces. The requirements for the quality of the training provided are constantly increasing. The answer to this was the emergence of private educational institutions that are engaged in training in certain areas or even certain groups of companies. If you summarize the above, you get the following:
- Informatization is an objective regularity of the development of the whole society and, in particular, the education system. A distinctive feature of this phenomenon is the widespread use of telecommunication technologies.
- The concept of globalization characterizes a new stage in international relations in the social, political and economic spheres. It has a comprehensive character and affects all aspects of human activity.
- Thanks to industrialization and commercialization, educational services have emerged that act as alternatives and also make up for the weak points of traditional learning.
Conclusion
So the concept of globalization of education was considered. This process is not without complications. So, it is necessary to note the fact that the number of opponents of the globalization of education is growing. They believe that this trend threatens national training systems and also attacks the rights of citizens - for example, free access to materials necessary for training. At the same time, the strengthening of the utilitarian-consumer approach as such is condemned, which oppresses the spirit of enlightenment. There is no need to talk about the adoption of a definite final form of this process, because there are more and more new developments and incarnations of ideas that make education more flexible. Well, hopefully this will lead to the very best result.