Medicine is the most important science that is necessary for all mankind. With its development, it became possible to extend the life of people, to save them from all kinds of diseases and inconveniences that they cause. Every day, millions of people turn for help to medical services that work thanks to a well-coordinated system. It consists of many industries, each of which has a certain type of activity. To study medicine, it is necessary to learn many sciences, without which it is impossible to treat people. It is believed that the basic components are the basic sciences, which study the concepts of the structure, functions of the human body, the pathological conditions occurring in it, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Only after their assimilation can the future doctor be introduced to the clinic in order to start working with patients.
Propaedeutics is what? Why is this science necessary?
Basic medical sciences are: pathological physiology, propaedeutics and pharmacology. The first helps to find out the mechanism of the effect of the disease, which is necessary to eliminate it. Propaedeutics is the branch of medicine on which all work with patients is based.
This science is necessary for examining a patient and finding out all the details associated with pathology. It includes aspects such as:
- collection of patient complaints;
- studying the history of the development of this pathology;
- medical history of the patient;
- examination of all organs and systems;
- identification of conditions other than normal.
Features of history taking
First of all, the clinician should talk with the patient or his relatives (if the patient is in serious condition, a child). Thanks to the survey, the doctor finds out what exactly bothers the person. He must inquire in detail about the patient’s complaints, ask when they appeared, what reasons led to this. It is necessary to find out what treatment the patient took on his own, whether it led to the proper result. The next step is to study the patient’s life history. It includes finding out all the details related to the health of the patient, starting from birth. The doctor is interested in what diseases were during their life, what they led to (recovery, transition to a chronic form, complications). He also asks about the presence of allergic reactions, bad habits, burdened heredity. It is necessary to find out whether the patient was in contact with infectious patients, whether he has tuberculosis, sexually transmitted pathologies or hepatitis.
Patient examination
Propaedeutics is a science that is needed in the work of every doctor, since any doctor should be able to assess the condition of the patient through examination. It includes an assessment of consciousness, the appearance of the patient, examination of his posture, gait, type of constitution. This allows you to determine the presence of visible changes in the skin, muscles, joints, bone tissue, inflammation of the lymph nodes, edema. Professional propaedeutics is the ability of a narrow specialist to conduct a high-quality diagnosis of pathological conditions due to examination of a specific body system. For example, examination of the genitals for gynecologists, the study of laboratory blood tests for hematologists, etc.
Propaedeutics of diseases of internal organs
In order to assess the condition of internal organs, in propaedeutics there are special diagnostic methods. These include: palpation, percussion and auscultation. After a professional examination of a certain area, the doctor proceeds to probing it. This gives information about the presence of pain, size, consistency, organ mobility. Due to the change in percussion sound and auscultation, a differential diagnosis can be made between various diseases of the lungs, heart, digestive tract. Propaedeutics is a necessary branch of medicine, without which it is impossible to provide medical care.