Surgery, translated from Latin, means a complex effect on the human body to treat organs. It is a procedure of separation and connection of tissues, i.e. accompanied by operating injury.
Usually a process consists of several steps. They are as follows:
- Operational access by exposing a diseased organ.
- Surgical reception during which a surgical procedure is performed.
- Prompt exit, which implies a comprehensive work to repair damaged tissue by the intervention.
The impact on the human body can be temperature (cryosurgery, thermocoagulation, etc.), ultrasonic, electric current (for example, electrocoagulation), laser, radio frequency.
Types of Surgery
Surgery by nature can be divided into radical, palliative, symptomatic.
Radical surgery should completely remove the cause of the disease (cholecystectomy for cholecystitis, for example).
With palliative interventions, the cause of the pathological process is partially eliminated, facilitating its course. They are carried out in cases where the radical option is impractical for some reason.
Symptomatic surgery is performed to alleviate the condition of the patient. It is executed when the first two are impossible. Often it complements the radical treatment.
By urgency, surgical interventions can be emergency, planned and urgent. The aim of the former is to save the patient's life, they are performed immediately after an accurate diagnosis is made. According to emergency indications, for example, a conicotomy is performed to restore airway patency or puncture the pericardial sac with cardiac tamponade.
A planned surgical operation is performed after preliminary preoperative preparation or for organizational reasons.
Urgent is performed in the first hours after the patient enters the inpatient department.
Diagnostic surgical procedures include biopsy, puncture, laparocentesis, laparotomy and arthroscopy. Such operations can sometimes be dangerous for the patient. They are carried out if there is no other way.
Operation diagram
First, the indications are determined, during which a decision is made, what kind of it is necessary. Then, possible contraindications that prevent surgical treatment are clarified. After that, it is important to select and prepare tools designed for a particular operation. The patient is prepared, anesthesia, after which the surgery itself takes place.
Health professionals adhere to certain requirements. They perform the following actions before and during the procedure:
- put on before the entrance to the operating room shoe covers, hat, surgical mask;
- preoperative hygienic washing and hand antiseptics are performed;
- the surgery is carried out with sterile gloves;
- their change as well as masks is carried out every three hours.