A coagulogram or hemostasiogram is an analysis that determines blood coagulation. The norm of bleeding time with damage to the skin is 2-3 minutes after the blood is outside the blood vessel. If this indicator deviates in one direction or another, then the analysis doctor determines the features of the disorders that caused this disharmony, and prescribes the necessary treatment.
The coagulogram is prescribed during the examination during pregnancy, with suspected liver disease and in the preoperative or postoperative period. Also, in autoimmune diseases and in the pathology of blood coagulability, with varicose veins and vascular pathology, an analysis of blood coagulation is shown. The coagulation rate directly depends on the amount of prothrombin in the blood.
Prothrombin is a protein that is responsible for blood coagulation. It is an important component of another blood protein - thrombin. Therefore, making an analysis, laboratory technicians not only directly calculate the time, but also paint the chemical composition, the percentage of proteins that determine blood coagulation. The norm of the content of prothrombin in the blood is 78-142%.
Blood in blood vessels resembles water in its viscosity and fluidity. This is the main condition under which blood can fulfill its main function - to move through the vessels, supplying all organs with oxygen, proteins, vitamins and other necessary products. But at the moment of damage to the vessel wall and its outflow from its channel, as well as when tissue thromboplastin enters it, a program is activated to ensure blood coagulation. The norm of thrombin time, that is, blood coagulation time is 11-17.8 s (seconds).
If the patient’s blood coagulation rate is deviated to decrease, then there is a risk of large blood loss during operations or accidental injuries, as well as during childbirth and menstruation. Often such a pathology occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus or with prolonged treatment with indirect anticoagulants.
Men have a congenital disease called hemophilia, which is inherited. Women themselves do not suffer from this disease, but are carriers of hemophilia genes.
To restore the coagulation norm, patients are prescribed fibrinolysis inhibitors, direct-acting coagulants obtained from donated blood, vitamin K or the drug “Vikasol”, protamine sulfate, or donated blood transfusion of the patient to the patient. All of these drugs and procedures slow down the process of dissolving blood clots and stop bleeding.
But if, on the contrary, the patient has a reduced coagulation time? The coagulation rate, as already mentioned, is 2-3 minutes, but does the patient collapse instantly? So it's wonderful! Blood loss in this case is minimal, what's the problem?
It turns out that just such deviations are the most dangerous. It is increased clotting that threatens the patient with strokes, thrombophlebitis, varicose extensions, hemorrhoids and others.
Why does this anomaly arise? There are many reasons for increased blood coagulation . For example, profuse loss of body fluid with diarrhea or vomiting or poisoning or infectious intestinal diseases; with an increased volume of urination, which is typical for renal diseases, diabetes or diabetes insipidus; when taking certain medications; with extensive burns and toxic pulmonary edema.
Also, a symptom of an increase in blood coagulability can occur as a result of congenital or acquired enzyme pathologies, parasitic infestations, liver diseases, damage to the endothelium, vascular diseases, stasis (slowing down or even stopping it) in the capillaries, often due to ischemia, venous congestion or toxic damage body. During pregnancy or during the administration of certain contraceptives, an increased blood clotting syndrome may also appear.
This syndrome is the first stage of DIC. Treatment with folk remedies, this disease is practically not amenable to. Often, patients are prescribed complex inpatient treatment, which must be strictly followed.