What is chemical poisoning? These are any changes in the body that have occurred under the influence of chemical compounds. What relationship does such an injury have with poisoning? Chemical effects on the body - this is poisoning.
What is poison? These are substances that are capable of exerting a chemical effect on the human body; some can even cause severe poisoning in small doses. In this article we will consider hemolytic poison, its effect on humans. Note that this group belongs to the "blood". What does this mean, consider further.
Hemolytic poison
First, get acquainted with the definition itself. What is it? Hemolytic poison is a substance that provokes hemolysis, naturally, when it enters the body.
This problem is quite relevant these days. Ask why? They are quite common. These are poisons of mushrooms, snakes and so on, we note that they are found in conditions of military operations, they are often used in crimes.
In this article, we consider some representatives of this class, their danger, toxicity and some other issues.
Toxicology
As noted earlier, hemolytic poison causes hemolysis. But what does this mean? Hemolysis is a kind of damage to red blood cells, during this process hemoglobin comes out, after which the blood becomes hemolyzed, that is, it is a homogeneous, bright red liquid that does not contain a erythrocyte sediment. In another way, hemolyzed blood is called lacquered.
Types of hemolysis
There are only two types:
We offer to deal with each of them. What is chemical hemolysis? It occurs when exposed to chemicals on the membrane. Biological hemolysis occurs when exposed to snakes, microorganisms, and so on.
Chemical hemolysis
In this section, we consider the process mechanism itself. It can be caused by:
- the influence of poison;
- interference with enzymatic processes.
How does this happen? Arsenic hydrogen, naphthalenes, and some other compounds can cause such a reaction. They block a group of proteins in the membranes. What happens next? A change in the structure of the membranes occurs, while the bond with lipids is destroyed. As a result, we have a damaged erythrocyte membrane.
What was meant by the second method? This is an inhibition of red blood cell substances. What substances? These are all derivatives and phenylhydratan itself.
Intravascular hemolysis
Substances that can cause it are divided into the following groups:
- Destructive red blood cells.
- Hemolytic shaped elements in people with congenital insufficiency G-6F-DG.
- Causing hemolytic anemia
We propose to consider the first group in more detail. Arsenic, copper, lecithin, benzene and so on can cause chemical hemolysis. Now let's move on to biological ones. Hemolytic poisons in nature are known to all. They are produced by spiders, mushrooms, bees, snakes and so on. It is simply impossible to list everything, the most common examples are presented here. A specific hemolytic poison is scorpion venom.
The second group includes some medications, one of the most common, which is given even to young children to maintain immunity - ascorbic acid.
Toxicants
First, consider a substance such as arsenic. What is arsenic? This is a semimetal having a steel color with a slightly greenish tint. Note that in its pure form it is insoluble, completely non-toxic. But when it gets into the air, it oxidizes, forming toxic compounds.
Routes of entry into the body:
- orally;
- couples;
- introduction directly into the blood.
What does the victim feel in the first hours of poisoning:
- metallic taste in the mouth;
- burning;
- vomiting
- headache;
- dizziness;
- cramps (especially on the legs).
If the poisoning was strong enough, then the person begins to rave, and then completely falls into a coma, followed by respiratory arrest.
Acetic acid hemolytic poisoning
This substance is quite common in everyday life. In the kitchen of every housewife there is probably table vinegar. It is used in cooking, in canning, in the manufacture of paints, in printing and so on.
Death with this poisoning occurs rather quickly, usually from shock. Symptoms
- severe vomiting with impurities of blood and the smell of vinegar;
- cough;
- burning;
- blood in the urine;
- jaundice;
- swelling of the mucous membranes;
- difficulty breathing.
As with arsenic poisoning, vinegar poisoning can occur by inhalation of vapors, orally. Chemical burns of lips, cheeks, oral cavity, chin, neck are observed. They look like smudges. After such poisoning, upon opening the corpse, a very strong and pungent characteristic smell emanates from the body. There are signs of poisoning with hemolytic poisons.
Mushrooms
Everyone loves to feast on this product, but the collection should be treated extremely responsibly. After all, the poison of mushrooms is one of the most dangerous. The following representatives possess this type of poison:
Symptoms of poisoning can be observed after about six hours, they include:
- weakness;
- headache;
- enlarged liver;
- thirst;
- vomiting
- colic
- diarrhea.
After about three days, liver failure, jaundice, and soon the person falls into a coma. How to find out that poisoning is due to mushrooms? For this, a blood test should be carried out, if there are pieces of mushrooms in the vomit, then they must be sent for examination.
To summarize
Hemolytic poisons, the classification of which was presented above, can occur both from the ingress of chemical compounds, and from the bites of spiders, snakes, and the use of poisonous mushrooms.
These are the strongest poisons that are used in everyday life and in production. Symptoms are almost similar: vomiting, diarrhea, burning, dizziness. As a result, renal failure, jaundice develops, a person falls into a coma.
Hemolytic poison leads to hemolysis of red blood cells. When opening the body with such poisoning, it is not difficult to find out the cause of death, everything is clearly expressed, and sometimes the body also has a characteristic smell, for example, as in case of poisoning with acetic acid. Death can be either fast or slow.
Be careful, hide all harmful substances away from children, because it is easier to warn than to treat.