Children begin to get acquainted with mathematics as a subject in a kindergarten, namely in the second younger group, the child's age at this moment is 3-4 years. Educators are working on the formation of elementary representations in children. And the development of the child depends on how well the first perception of the forms of objects and their quantitative relationships are learned.
To learn something new to the child in kindergarten allows any activity. The second younger group is ideal for this. Mathematics makes it possible to compare familiar objects in length, height, width. The teacher introduces such spatial concepts as “front”, “back”, “top”, “bottom”, “left”, “right”. Also, the teacher teaches children to correctly determine and use in speech time intervals, for example, morning, day, night.
To help a novice teacher
In order to properly organize and conduct classes in mathematics in the 2nd junior group, the novice educator needs to remember the following points:
- initial classes for a month should be held with separate groups of 6-8 people;
- after a month, classes begin to be conducted completely with the whole group;
- in the classroom, children should have didactic handouts in the required quantity for each child;
- when acquaintance with new material, the duration of the lesson should not exceed 10-12 minutes, and when working out familiar material - 15 minutes;
- in the lesson, you need to monitor the fatigue of children, and if they are tired, all educational activity stops immediately.
The main goal and objectives of classes in mathematics
The main goal of a math lesson for children 3-4 years old is to get to know the basic concepts: number, shape and characteristics of the subject.
To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve a number of problems:
- to teach the child to correctly distinguish the color and shape of the subject;
- form the initial concept of number (one, many);
- to teach children the correlation of objects through one generalizing characteristic (collect all the red objects);
- to form a concept of the characteristics of the subject (long, in short, large, small).
In order to correctly cope with the solution of problems and achieve the goal, the teacher in the classes in mathematics in the younger group should use various tricks and teaching methods.
Receptions and teaching methods
Classes in mathematics in the 2nd junior group should be clearly effective. Children learn any new knowledge through direct perception, that is, when they follow all the actions of the educator and themselves repeat the same actions with handout didactic material. The teacher-educator needs to think through each lesson qualitatively, all new concepts that characterize the subject, first the teacher himself speaks several times during the lesson and only then asks the children to repeat.
In addition, we must not forget that this age of knowledge of everything new is based on emotional perception. And if you do not interest the baby from the first minutes of the lesson, then it will be wasted. For this, children's math classes most often start with surprise moments:
- the appearance of the toy,
- unexpected guests
- chest with a secret.
The educator needs to keep the attention of children throughout the class. For this, the method of changing activities is applied. Subjects with which the child will work should already be familiar to him previously, otherwise he will first study them the way he needs and will skip all the material offered by the teacher.
Math class structure
In kindergarten, as in any other educational institution, all classes should be structured, despite their short duration.
Classes in mathematics in the 2nd junior group should include the following points:
- Organizational moment (duration 1-2 minutes).
- The objectives of the lesson (1 minute) are as follows: "Let's help the teddy bear (Katya's doll) find the circle (find out which track is longer)."
- The main part of the lesson (learning new material).
- Reflection (duration - 1 minute). Children must talk about what they learned today.
- Finishing a lesson is necessary in a positive mood. It is necessary to praise the children: “Thank you guys for so quickly helping the teddy bear (Katya's doll) to find a circle. He (she) will definitely come to visit you again.”
Methodical literature - an assistant in conducting classes
Do you have a younger group 2 in your upbringing? A math lesson is easy.
To educate the lesson correctly, each teacher needs methodological literature. Now it is a great many. The most popular books are:
- "Classes on the formation of elementary mathematical representations in the second younger group of kindergarten" I.A. Ponomareva, V.A. Posin.
- “My mathematics” E.V. Solovyov.
- "Mathematics. The second youngest group "E.S. Maklakova.
- “Mathematics in kindergarten. The second younger group "L.V. Minkevich.
How to help a child in failures?
Not every child immediately succeeds, so the teacher needs to be able to be loyal to the failures of the child and help him during the lesson. In kindergarten, mathematics serves as the basis for further perception of educational material at school. And the further success in educational activity will depend on how firmly and correctly the initial concepts are laid down in a preschooler’s child.
Everyone knows that mathematics is an exact and complex science, therefore, classes in mathematics in the 2nd younger group should contain well-thought-out, concrete questions correctly drawn up taking into account the mental development of children that the child can answer.
If the material presented is still difficult for the child to do during long-term testing, you can bring his parents to help by correctly asking them to work with him at home in their free time on a problem that arises.
Talk with your parents about the opportunity to bring the child half an hour earlier to kindergarten or pick up a little later. Thus, the teacher has the opportunity to work out additionally passed material with children who do not succeed or who missed classes during their illness.
Basic rules for successful math classes in the second junior group
- Remember that for a child, all new information is a complex process of knowing the world.
- Each child is a small person with his own character, mental and physical development.
- The teacher leads the lesson. Give children the opportunity to learn a new subject or its characteristic (smooth, rough), but do not delay this process, because the baby may be tired. Promise children to play with the subject after class.
- Keep all the promises you make to children.
- Praise children as often as possible.
- If the material is complex, give it a few lessons to better practice it.
- Do not drag out class time.
Total
Ideal if you need to conduct a lesson, the second younger group. Mathematics is something that guys can’t do without in the future. Toddlers start preparing for school. The teacher should build the lesson so that the children are really interested.