Kidneys are called a paired organ, which is located in the retroperitoneal cavity between the vertebrae of the thoracic and lumbar spine. The brain substance of the kidney is formed by fan-shaped pyramids. Their basis is directed towards the renal cortex, and the upper part to the renal "gate". These peculiar pyramids are divided among themselves by pillars. The cortical and medulla of the kidneys are closely related. Renal columns - these are separate sections of the cortical substance. It, in turn, enters the brain.
Such a pyramid together with the cortical substance forms the so-called renal lobe.
Dividing the brain into sections
The brain substance of the kidney is divided into two sections:
Its outer part is located next to the cortical substance. From it, cerebral rays come into the cortex of the kidneys - small segments of the central tubules inside, large segments reaching upward. Also in the medulla of the kidneys are the cortical collecting ducts. The inner portion ends with the renal papilla.
What are the papillae
This part of the medulla of the kidney is the segments of the organ collecting tube. The recesses of these parts are located in a circle of the upper part of the papilla. They form a kind of "lattice" papilla. The papillae are surrounded by small renal calyxes. One such cup can capture 1, 2, sometimes even 3 papilla. A pair of kidney calyxes can combine into one large and form the ureters. They, in turn, are responsible for connecting single cups to the pelvis.
Functions of the brain substance of the kidney and organ as a whole
Violations in the work of this paired organ can lead to many diseases and impaired functioning of other organs and systems. The kidneys perform extremely important functions in the human body. These include:
- elimination of various decomposition products;
- blood pressure control;
- maintaining normal body fluids;
- direct participation in the process of blood coagulation;
- metabolism of nutrients;
- rid the body of toxins and toxins.
Excretory function of the kidneys is one of the main ones. She is responsible for cleansing and filtering everything that enters the body.
First, the blood "collects" all that is useful and necessary, then the kidneys remove all that is unnecessary and unnecessary.
What hormones do the kidneys secrete and how are they beneficial?
For the normal functioning of organs, special substances are needed - hormones. The kidneys secrete the hormone - renin. It controls fluid retention in the body, thereby regulating blood volume. The kidneys also secrete erythropoietin, it is responsible for the blood cells of the bone marrow. Prostaglandins contribute to normal blood pressure. Few people know that kidneys turn vitamin D into D3. Without which, the normal functioning of the body is absolutely impossible. Every minute they pass through themselves about 1 liter of liquid, protecting the body from the effects of toxins that come from harmful food, drink, drugs, alcohol.
The structure of the cortical and medulla of the kidney
The cortical substance, in simple words, surrounds the medulla and removes small processes that “look” at the center of the organ. It consists of radiant and folded areas. In this case, the radiant continues the basis of the brain substance. Coagulated consists of renal corpuscles and nephron tubules. In early infancy, ultrasound examines these details very clearly. The medulla of the kidney follows the cortex.
The ends of the tubules located in the cortical substance are located in it. This is where primary urine comes in after filtration. Then it passes into the pelvis and only then into the ureter. The structure of the medulla of the kidney is pretty straightforward.
What is nephron
Nephron in occupational medicine is a structural unit of the kidneys.
Nephrons form the totality of organs responsible for excretory function. Urine undergoes thorough processing along the way through the nephrons and reabsorb unnecessary part of the fluid. Beneficial substances (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) go further. Poisons and other toxic substances are excreted by the flow of urine.
The most common symptoms of kidney disease
Very often with back pain, a person does not know what to do, what to do before going to the doctor.
To correctly recognize whether the kidneys are bothering, or maybe the problem is different, you need to pay attention to such points:
- Unusual fatigue. If such a sensation arises for no apparent reason, it is likely that kidney function is impaired. The hormone erythropoietin is also responsible for supplying oxygen to the blood. In case of impaired functioning of the brain substance of the kidney, the production of this hormone decreases. Accordingly, the body receives insufficient oxygen and quickly gets tired.
- Swelling of the legs. Sometimes the legs swell with impaired blood circulation. But often this is due to problems with the organs of the urinary system. Particular attention should be paid to edema, which is accompanied by swelling of the face, hands and hair loss. Such a violation is provoked by the defective work of the kidneys - they do not have time to filter the fluid entering the body.
- Disorders in urination. Frequent urge to go to the toilet is one of the first reasons that indicate kidney problems. Particular attention should be paid to going to the toilet at night. Often this can be a false urge. Also, changes in the color of urine can talk about diseases of the paired organ.
- Redness and severe itching on the skin. This phenomenon occurs as a result of delays in the body of toxins. They poison the blood, causing rashes, redness, cause severe itching. It seems to stretch deep inside and is quite unpleasant.
- Taste of metal in the oral cavity. The appearance of such a symptom should immediately alert and force to turn to a qualified doctor for help. If the food at breakfast or lunch does not seem habitually tasty, but, on the contrary, has an unpleasant taste and aroma similar to ammonia, this indicates serious violations in the functioning of the kidneys.
The main causes of kidney disease
Experts identify the following reasons why various diseases of the genitourinary system, in particular, the kidneys, can occur:
- strong mechanical impact from the outside (shock, push);
- congenital disorders in the functioning of the kidneys;
- poisoning with toxic substances, toxins;
- damage to the body by fungi, parasites or viruses;
- circulatory disorders.
Treatment of kidney diseases folk remedies
Traditional medicine is rich in recipes based on plants that help with many ailments.
With kidney diseases, including. The most common ones include:
- chamomile;
- bloodroot;
- immortelle;
- dandelion;
- St. John's wort
- mint.
It is always necessary to begin treatment with cleansing the body. In this case, you can use the following tools:
- Dry dandelion root pour boiling water and insist on a water bath for 20 minutes. Drink in one day in three divided doses.
- Pour 10 g of horsetail into a glass of boiling water and leave for 10 minutes. Then strain and drink on an empty stomach in the morning.
- With jade, traditional medicine recommends taking cornflower infusion. You need to take 15 g of dry flower and pour 350 ml of boiled water. Insist in a warm place for 1.5 hours and strain. Drink thrice a day.
Herbal teas are also very popular for kidney problems. They help cleanse the body of harmful substances and improve the ability of the kidneys to filter the fluids entering the body. You can make teas this way:
- Stir 5 g of juniper, immortelle and chamomile leaves. Pour boiling water over the raw materials and insist for half an hour. Then strain on the remains of plants and drink three times a day for a tablespoon.
- Mix the dry horsetail and juniper raw materials in equal amounts and simmer in a water bath for 20 minutes. Then remove, pour into a thermos and insist 3-4 hours. Strain and take 30 ml each day.
No less useful for diseases of the genitourinary system and cereals. These include: millet, oats, rice. From millet, for example, our grandmothers also prepared healing porridge. It removes toxins well from the body. To prepare it, you need to take 1 cup of cereal and 2.5-3 cups of water. First, millet should be soaked in water for the night, ideally for a day. Then drain the water, and the remaining at the bottom - into a glass (it can be taken before meals to improve the effect). Pour clean water into the cereal and cook until porridge is ready. You can use it daily as a delicious side dish. You should not supplement this dish with fatty salads with mayonnaise or fatty meat. It is better to give preference to light vegetable salad and white chicken meat.