Between the West Siberian and East European plains stretches the geographical region of Russia called the Urals. It is he who divides the continent of Eurasia into two conventional parts: Europe and Asia. The district is divided into 5 components: Northern and Southern, Middle, Polar and Subpolar Urals. Spurs regions are sometimes distinguished: Pai-Khoi and Mugodzhary. The climate of the Urals will be considered in this article.
Small characteristic
The mountain range stretched from north to south, with a length of more than 2 thousand km. The Ural mountains are relatively low: the average peaks reach marks from 300 to 1200 m.The highest point is the city of Narodnaya, its height is 1895 m.In the administrative plan, the mountains of this region belong to the Ural Federal District, and in the south cover part of Kazakhstan.
Due to the fact that the peaks have a narrow width, and the height of the hills is small, there is no pronounced weather for such areas of the territory. The climate of the Urals has its own distinctive features. Mountains have a significant effect on the distribution of air masses due to the fact that they are extended meridionally. They can be called a barrier that does not pass the western air masses inland. For this reason, the amount of precipitation varies on the territory: the eastern slopes receive less rainfall - 400-550 mm / year; western - 600-800 mm / year. Also, the latter are more susceptible to air masses, the climate here is humid, temperate. But the eastern slope is located in a drier continental zone.
Climatic zones
The territory covers two climatic zones: in the extreme north of the Ural Mountains, the subarctic belt, the rest lies within the temperate climate zone .
It should be remembered that the weather of the Ural Mountains obeys the law of latitudinal zonality, and it is here that it is particularly pronounced.
Pai Hoi
This old mountain range is located in the far north of the Ural Mountains. The highest point of this region is Moreiz (height 423 m). The Pai-Hoi linear hill is not a mountain range, but individual hilly hills. The climate of the Urals in this territory is pronounced subarctic, altitudinal zonation is not observed. This is a permafrost region, winter dominates most of the year, and the average air temperatures in January are 20 ° C below zero, in July it is + 6 ° C. Minimum elevations in winter can reach -40 ° C. Due to the peculiarities of the climate on Pai Hoi, the natural tundra zone is expressed.
Polar Ural
Northern part of the Ural ridge. Conditional boundaries - the city of Konstantinov stone in the north and p. Hulga in the south. The region stretches for 400 km, a width of 25 to 125 km. Mount Payer (1499 m) is the highest height. Cold and snowy winters, strong winds, a large amount of precipitation are the weather features of this region. We can say that the climate of the Urals is quite severe here. It has the characteristics of sharply continental. The minimum air temperature in winter is -50 ° C. Summer and spring are short, a few days a year the mark can rise to + 30 ° C, but it can only last a few hours.
Subpolar Urals (climate)
Conditional boundaries of the region - p. Hulga in the north and Telposiz in the south. This is the highest part of the Ural Mountains. Here is the most distinctive peak - the city of Narodnaya. On the peaks you can meet glaciers. Also, more snow falls in the Subpolar Urals than in other regions. Average air temperatures in winter are minus 22 ° , summers are warmer than in the Polar Urals, the atmosphere warms up to + 12 ° . Summer lasts only 1.5 months here. The maximum rainfall may exceed 1000 mm / year. Therefore, the Polar Urals, whose climate is not entirely pleasing to heat-loving people, is not recommended for families.
North Ural
Conditional border from the mountain range, called Kosvinsky stone, in the south to the city of Telposis. The peculiarity of the region is that it extends in several parallel ridges, between which there are ridges up to 60 km wide. At the foot of the mountains impassable forests and swamps. Because of this, this region is very complex, impassable and poorly studied.
The climate of the Northern Urals is severe. On the tops of the mountains, snowfields lie year-round. In some places, eternal glaciers of small sizes have been discovered. The height of the snow cover in the mountains is 1.5-2 m. The climate of the Northern Urals is considered quite dangerous. After all, it is in this region that the impassable Dyatlov pass is located, which became known after the tragic events of 1959. In this place, under mysterious circumstances, a group of student tourists died.
Middle Urals
Conditional borders: Kosvinsky stone in the north and the city of Jurma in the south. 400 km long, well-defined geographical feature: the region resembles an arc. This area is with the lowest heights. The climate of the Middle Urals has a pronounced continental affiliation. The average January mark is minus 18 ° , and the July temperature often reaches + 18 ° . The maximum frosts can reach -50 ° C, winter lasts steadily from November to April. The rest of the year is short with sharply changing weather. The climate of the Middle Urals, unfortunately, can please only in cool, windy and rainy summers.
Mugodzhary
A series of low stone hills, the southern spur of the Ural Mountains. The entire territory is located on the border of Kazakhstan. Small heights of 300-400 m, in this regard, the territory has a continental dry climate. There is no snow cover, frosty temperatures are rarely observed, as well as precipitation.
Southern Urals
The length of the region is 550 km, stretches from the river. Urals in the south to the river. Ufa in the north. The widest part of the Ural Mountains. The climate of the Southern Urals is continental, most correctly expressed: cold winters give way to hot summers. The Asian anticyclone is cool here, and the tropical winds coming from Asia determine the hot weather. Snowstorms and blizzards are a frequent occurrence in winter. The snow cover is stable and lasts 170 days. Average temperatures: January - -22 ° , July - + 19 ° . Therefore, the climate of the South Urals can be confidently called one of the most stable.