About 65% of gynecological diseases are inflammations. The most important role in their occurrence is played by the vaginal microflora.
It contains microorganisms. Due to the fact that the microflora of the vagina is disturbed, inflammatory processes develop. They, in turn, provoke "chronicity" (transition to a chronic form), infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy.
The vaginal microflora is directly influenced by the hormonal status and age of the woman. In a newborn girl, the vagina in the first hours of life is sterile and filled with viscous mucus. After twelve to fourteen hours, the vagina is colonized by lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli or Doderlein sticks) that have passed from the mother. They continue to exist for several weeks, while the vaginal microflora remains acidic. This is due to the action of mother estrogens, stimulating the reproduction of vaginal cells and the release of glycogen.
During this life period, the microflora in the vagina of a newborn girl is similar to that of an adult woman. After maternal hormones are excreted from the baby’s body, the vaginal environment becomes neutral. This condition persists until puberty, when mixed microorganisms (streptococci, anaerobes, staphylococci, corinobacteria, E. coli) begin to enter the microflora .
During puberty, estrogens are intensely produced. Under their influence, the epithelium develops, bacteria (lactic acid) are activated , glycogen is released. Bacteria produce lactic acid from glycogen. Thus, the environment in the vagina becomes acidic.
Due to the fact that almost all vaginal microorganisms are lactic acid bacteria, experts determine four degrees of its purity. Assessment is carried out by smear.
The first degree of purity includes a condition in which doderlein sticks, epithelial cells, and an acidic medium are in the biological material (smear). In this case, pathogenic bacteria and leukocytes are absolutely absent. Providing an acidic environment, lactobacilli prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms.
The second degree of purity includes such a state of microflora in the vagina, in which single leukocytes and individual harmful microbes are detected, a reduced concentration of lactic acid bacteria, the environment in the vagina is acidic.
If there are no Doderlein sticks, a high concentration of leukocytes is detected, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, streptococci, and sometimes Trichomonas are detected, then the state of the vaginal microflora is referred to the third degree of purity. In this case, the contents of the vagina has an alkaline reaction.
The fourth degree of purity includes the state of microflora, in which there is a complete absence of lactic acid bacteria, a high concentration of leukocytes, pathogenic (pathogenic) microorganisms are detected . The vaginal environment is alkaline.
The state of the norm includes the first and second degrees of purity. The third and fourth degrees, respectively, indicate the presence of pathologies in which restoration of the vaginal flora is necessary.
Control over the state of the vaginal environment is provided by the immune system of the vaginal wall. It does not allow the development of pathological microorganisms. Imbalance in microflora is always associated with a decrease in the immunity of the wall. Therefore, immunocorrelation is of great importance. In addition, it should be noted that microflora disturbance is also associated with the presence of pathology in the body. An expert can establish an accurate diagnosis and choose a treatment, it is necessary to contact him in time. It is possible to restore the vaginal microflora in a neglected form only with the use of complex therapy.