A blood test is considered informative, since the blood forming organs are susceptible to influences of a physiological and pathological nature. Many patients are interested in the question of where, when a detailed blood test is taken, where does it come from? Modern medicine uses both capillary and venous blood to determine the state of health using biological fluid that carries a lot of information. The choice is based on the characteristics of a particular problem and the need to obtain additional indicators.
Quite often, an examination is used - a detailed blood test, on the basis of the results of which the tactics of the treatment course are selected. This type of examination is also carried out in order to detect hidden infections and ailments in the initial phase.
To determine the percentages and values of all components allows a detailed blood test. Based on the results, appropriate therapy can be arranged.
Background to the survey
The basic method, which shows the general condition of the patient, is a detailed blood test, since all functional disorders affect the number of elements that make up the blood. A study is prescribed for almost all pathologies or if a specific ailment is suspected, as well as for prevention. Most often, a laboratory method of research is used for:
- Blood diseases. By examination, the percentage and number of blood particles, their shape, isomorphism, and parameters are revealed. The study focuses on the ability to identify peripheral blood pathologies (blood circulation outside the hematopoietic organs).
- Pathology of the blood. The study is conducted with suspected problems of bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes.
- Repeated examinations after a therapeutic course. The analysis allows you to check the effectiveness of the treatment.
The study is mandatory for pregnant women, helps to monitor the course of the physiological process, as well as assess the correct development of the fetus and the condition of the pregnant woman as a result of the restructuring of the body and hormonal balance. The indicators of the analysis during the expectation of the child can be biased (in allowed values), which is not considered an indication of the development of a pathological condition.
An extensive blood test is also used as a preventive measure. Workers in the food industry, teachers are examined every 6 months, since many diseases in the initial phases proceed without pronounced symptoms and examination of the biological fluid helps to identify them and prevent their further progression.
Rules for the manipulation
Clinical and biochemical studies are distinguished, the difference between which is the examination of certain indicators. The choice of the method of blood sampling depends on the type of examination prescribed by the doctor and on how informative it should be.
- A sample of biological fluid should be taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. If, for any reason, the procedure occurs in the daytime, manipulation should be carried out eight hours after the last meal. On the eve of the procedure, you need to drink clean water, exclude the use of carbonated drinks, coffee, tea.
- 2 days before the delivery of biological material, it is necessary to adjust the menu, excluding from it fatty, spicy, spicy dishes with fatty meat, as well as alcohol.
- It is advised to refrain from smoking a day before the procedure, or at least an hour before manipulation.
- It is required to cancel the intake of drugs. It is enough to cancel certain medications the day before the blood sample is taken for analysis, others - for a week. The accuracy of the results may be affected by the use of antibiotics, aspirin or preparations containing aspirin, iodine, multivitamins.
When evaluating the results of analyzes, it is necessary to take into account the factors that affect them. The nutritional order, stress state, body position during the manipulation period, time and conditions for the delivery of biomaterial to the laboratory are tangible. Important factors are also the patient’s age and gender, smoking and drinking, which can lead to an increase in hemoglobin and red blood cells, as well as a decrease in white blood cells.
Procedure
The results of a blood test are greatly influenced by correctly performed manipulation and the site of taking biological fluid. Often patients are interested in the question, when prescribing a detailed blood test, where does the blood come from? The answer is mixed. In most cases, capillary blood is used for analysis. The biomaterial is taken from the soft pillow of the ring finger. The incision is made from the side, since the collection of capillaries is thicker there, the blood must flow without interference, so that tissue fluid does not mix in it. This option for collecting blood is used for newborns, with burns, when the veins are small, as well as in the presence of a fat layer and a tendency to thrombosis.
Analysis from a vein is considered more suitable biomaterial for examination, which is due to the use of special analyzers used to process biomaterial from a vein. Blood is taken from the ulnar vein.
Differences of OAK from a comprehensive blood test
The study is prescribed both at regular examinations and before surgery, to clarify the diagnosis. A general blood test is performed when it is necessary to assess changes in internal organs - systems. Such an examination is mainly used to confirm the diagnosis of pathology in endocrinology, cardiology, gastroenterology.
An extensive blood test, the purpose of which is to identify auxiliary indicators needed to diagnose a specific disease, is prescribed for examining blood composition, identifying shaped components, the concentration in the blood of biologically active elements, hormones, the causative agent of the disease (virus or bacterium) and so on.
If we give a definition of how a general blood test differs from an expanded one, the answer will be one - that the latter gives the opportunity by studying the biomaterial to get more extensive information about the patient’s health status.
With KLA, a sample of biological fluid is taken from the finger, and for a developed (biochemical) from a peripheral vein.
Cholesterol analysis
If there are specific prerequisites, a detailed blood test for cholesterol is prescribed, which makes it possible to choose the tactics of the treatment course and accurately diagnose atherosclerosis and a disease of the cardiovascular system. The standard value for women - HDL - 1.42 mmol / L, and LDL varies from 1.9 to 4.5 mmol / L. For men, HDL is the norm - 1.68 mmol / L, and LDL varies from 2.2 to 4.8 mmol / L.
Hemoglobin, transcript
This element is the main component of the red blood cell. The role of this component is the removal of CO2, as well as the delivery of O2 from the lungs to other organs, tissue structures. An extensive blood test, the decoding of which allows you to determine the hemoglobin content, is used to diagnose anemia. The smallest element content is 10 g / l. The norm is considered to be 120-140 g / l in women, 130-160 g / l in men. When hemoglobin levels are lowered, this indicates anemia. An increase is considered a signal of a violation of erythropoiesis, cardiopulmonary failure.
Red blood cells, value, deviations
Red blood cells make up a large part of the aggregate of shaped blood particles. The function of this shaped element is the distribution of oxygen with the assistance of hemoglobin, as well as the removal of CO2. The default value is 4.2 to 6.0 X 10 12 . A decrease indicates anemia, a condition typical for pregnant women, when the scale of blood flow increases.
The increase in red blood cells is fixed in violation of erythropoiesis. A detailed blood test in children can show an increase in red blood cells in the first 3 days of life. In adults, ertitremia can manifest itself as a consequence of strict diets, a violation of the diet.
White blood cells
White blood cells are involved in strengthening the immune system, as well as in the distribution of nutrients. What does a detailed blood test show in this case?
It provides information on the magnitude of blood components with high accuracy and makes it possible to diagnose infections with coccal pathogens, inflammation, pneumonia, leukemia.
Elevated is 10 X 10 9 G / l or more, a condition known as leukocytosis. The standard value is 4.0–9.0 10 X 10 9 G / l.
A decrease in the number of white blood cells indicates various infections.
Platelets
Blood cells are involved in the formation of a blood clot at the site of damage to the vascular wall. The norm of the indicator is 180-320 X 10 9 G / l. Thrombocytopenia indicates cancer and a viral infection. An increase in the norm is interpreted as an indication of rheumatic problems and tuberculosis.
Hematocrit, component role
It is calculated as the ratio of the number of red blood cells. The norm is 35–45%. Deciphering a detailed blood test in pregnant women may indicate abnormalities that are considered normal. An increase in the value of the element in expectant mothers is often a signal of the development of pathology of the blood or kidneys, a decrease is a sign of anemia.
Eosinophils
The norm is 0–5%. An increase indicates parasitic infections, allergic rhinitis.
Neutrophils
Responsible for the body's resistance. Due to the age difference of the particles, the severity and severity of the inflammatory process or the problems associated with hematopoiesis can be determined. An increase in the percentage indicates infection with bacteria, traumatic events, heart attack, and cancer.
NON monocytes
This element is a variation of white blood cells in macrophage form. The norm is considered an indicator from 0.1 to 0.7 * 10 9 e / l.
The decrease indicates the presence of rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, tuberculosis, mononucleosis. Often a low level of the component is fixed after serious surgical interventions and after the use of corticosteroids.
Color indicator
The color is due to the percentage of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Screening for this component is important in the differential diagnosis of anemia. A decrease in CP is recorded in case of anemia and in pathologies associated with a malfunction in hemoglobin production. An increase is recorded with a lack of vitamin B 12, in the presence of malignant tumors, polyps of the digestive tract. The standard is 0.85 - 1.1.
RBC connection rate
What does a detailed blood test show for the study of red blood cells? It allows you to determine the speed of the process of separation of blood into plasma and shaped particles. The value of the component is due to the number of red blood cells, globulins and fibrogen. An increase in the number of red particles provokes their slow settling. An increase in globulins and fibrogen activates the process of erythrocyte sedimentation.
The performance of a detailed blood test allows for a short time to assess with high accuracy the patient’s health status, to detect the presence of pathologies, and also to prevent their further progression and possible complications. A painless, safe, and easy study can help detect latent infections and cancers in a timely manner and prevent them from developing.