In order to maintain continuity in folk culture, ecological, sociocultural, and socioeconomic knowledge are transferred from generation to generation on a certain territory, that is, everything that is studied by historical local history. With its help, the special features of the place, objects, personalities are revealed and revealed, trends and traditions of the development of the region are included in the practical channel.
Functions
Historical study of local lore is part of science, which is entrusted with the most important functions. Along with the general laws of the development of society, it studies and takes into account all the moments of the variety of local conditions of history, the smallest features brought about by the concrete creativity of the people. This can be the development of historical experience in a given area, the identification, conservation and study of the natural heritage, as well as the most important activity that is aimed at methods of historical research of the region’s culture.
Historical study of local lore is comprehensively involved both in the development and in the implementation of state programs aimed at restoring the historical environment of peoples. This ensures the relevance and significance of this integrated discipline. Historical study of local lore is based on the principles of interdisciplinarity, coslexism and regionalism as a discipline taught in a comprehensive school. The phenomenon of spiritual and personal existence is embedded in the semantic boundaries of the concepts of "place", "region", local history. This basic course is also in the preparation of bachelors and is a variable part of vocational education in the direction of "History" and the profile of "Local History".
At school
The object of the course is local history, that is, everything that happened in this region from the times that left monuments and materials for research. As the subject of the course, the work program on historical local history helps to study the historical and cultural heritage of the area. Almost every topic studied is saturated with the sociocultural aspect of the various problems of the area.
The philosophical basis offered by the textbooks, including the book “Historical Local History,” is a methodology from whole to part, that is, from the culture of Russia as a whole through regions to loci. Naturally, each part contains its own laws of development and specific characteristics, however, this does not go into opposition to "from the whole to the part" and does not become "from the general to the special." Each part has its own influence on the overall history, despite the fact that the whole has its own evolutionary parameters.
The program on historical study of local lore at the university
Regional studies, which is the basis of regional studies, are determined by certain problems, focused on the study of local historical processes, which are independent problems of science. This is the history of villages and cities, churches, monasteries, estates, centers of folk crafts, industrial structures, historical and cultural objects and ethnic entities and so on.
This program now includes topics not previously honored with deserved attention. For example, church institutes, the history of a noble estate, urban and rural necropolises, the culture of various social groups - merchants, nobility, and peasantry. The priorities are determined by the imperative of the time: the implementation of the paradigm of the revival of Russia is coming, and it is necessary that its implementation be carried out professionally and competently, using sound methods and involving the widest research base.
Goals and objectives
The aim of the developed course is the formation of a holistic view of the history of local history as a tool for awakening historical consciousness. The potential for identifying, preserving and making the broadest possible use of historical, cultural and natural heritage is extremely high, since it is in demand by time.
The objectives of this course are as follows:
- to master the knowledge of the origins, conditions of formation and current trends in the study of the history of the region;
- to master general scientific methods and principles that are necessary for the study of local (local) history, and especially its socio-cultural sphere, for search, gathering, research and attributive practices in schools, museums, sightseeing and tourist institutions, local history research centers;
- to involve students in local history research, which are directly related to state programs related to the identification and preservation of natural and cultural heritage.
After completing the course, students can navigate in the most relevant areas of historical local history issues and use professionally research methods and concepts, work with sources in related fields of knowledge - anthropology, toponymy, ethnography, archeology and so on, as well as with any scientific literature in the field of history .
Structure and competencies
The course is structurally divided into two main parts: the first deals with historical local history in the system of sciences, historical and modern development trends and methods, and the second part outlines the main areas of study of local history. In each part there are sections and topics, the content of which may depend on the prospects of the problem itself and the personal choice that the authors of the program make.
After completing the course, students develop the following competencies: a culture of thinking, the ability to generalize and analyze, perception of information, setting goals and choosing ways to achieve them. First of all, you need the ability to logically, reasonably and clearly build written and oral speech. Required willingness to work in a team in cooperation with colleagues. We need the ability to think and evaluate our own shortcomings and virtues critically, to be able to chart ways and choose means to eliminate weaknesses and develop virtues.
Teacher Qualities
Teacher should understand that he is studying historical local history, be aware of the social significance of his own profession, and have a high motivation to perform work. A good teacher will use the methods and basic principles of the economic, humanitarian and social sciences to solve professional problems, which will certainly require an analysis of socially significant problems and processes.
The teacher himself treats the cultural and historical heritage with careful respect, and he teaches students to honor traditions and tolerate cultural differences, as well as religious, national and social. The teacher should be widely educated and be able to use basic knowledge in related sciences - computer science, natural sciences, in professional and cognitive activities, know mathematical analysis and modeling, have computer skills: receive, store, process information, manage it.
Skills, knowledge
A teacher of historical local history should use basic knowledge in his historical research, having studied universal and domestic history, ethnology and archeology, source study, historiography, methods of historical research, theory and methodology of historical science, and much, much more. All this in order to understand the historical process, to see its driving forces and patterns, to evaluate the role of violence and non-violence, a person’s place in this process in order to be able to describe the political organization of society.
Accurate critical analysis is facilitated only by knowledge of basic historical information, hence the critical perception of various concepts of historiographic schools, the ability to use special knowledge gained at a university, when working with archives and in museums, libraries. A good teacher of historical study of local lore can easily compose any review, write an annotation, abstract on any subject of the research.
At the forefront
Since now one of the most important trends in education is regionalization, organically combined with federalization, these two areas, characteristic of the modern educational system of Russia, help to comprehensively solve the problems of consolidating the integrity of the educational space and the formation of regional policy in this area. All this contributes to the adaptation of a particular person to life in these specific conditions. This is the vanguard role of the discipline of historical studies in the modern educational process: the maximum implementation of the leading trends in the development of education in the country.
This subject educates a citizen of Russia and a patriot of his small homeland, who knows and loves his native land, city or village with its traditions, natural monuments, history and culture and which takes an active part in the development of the region. Thus, the general historical knowledge of schoolchildren is expanded and deepened - only through the study of local history materials, the desire to work in fiction, historical, popular science literature is developed, a love for a small homeland, an interest in history as a whole are cultivated. There are many examples of excellent teaching of local history in schools: these are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, and Altai.
Voronezh
Historical local history of the Voronezh region gives students the opportunity to touch the true monuments of history, to work with local history objects directly in natural conditions. Schoolchildren go on compulsory excursions, where objects that foster a craving for knowledge are always the most interesting means of visualization. These forms of work help not only to study the native field, but also to cultivate the desire for cognitive activity, since a complex of informational and aesthetic material is used in such lessons.
A textbook has been prepared for training in the Voronezh region, on which the best historians and scientists have worked, using the latest research from the Voronezh region from ancient times to the present day. This textbook is intended for the eighth and ninth grades of secondary schools. Doctors of historical sciences M.D. Karpachev, A.Z. Vinnikov, M.V. Tsybin and many others worked on separate sections. The group of authors can be satisfied: school students fell in love with this manual, almost all of its pages are read with interest, like fiction.
Donetsk
The new Ukrainian republics also take care of the younger generation, despite the very turbulent situation. For example, a number of manuals for students of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades have been prepared; this is a historical study of local lore - "Introduction to the History of the Donetsk Region". This is an exceptionally high-quality educational and methodological complex that forms in the children a patriotic self-awareness, fosters a sense of pride in their native land and the multinational people living here. This is how citizenship, respect for cultural values and the historical past develops.
Teaching aids were carried out by special creative groups under the leadership of the Donetsk Institute of Industrial Education. The textbooks have six areas of local history: economic, biological, historical, geographical, literary and art history. The content of this educational and methodological complex includes as much as possible complete information about the native land, which helps to form a holistic understanding among schoolchildren about the richness of the culture of their native land, about development prospects, an understanding of all the features of the historical, economic and social condition of the Donetsk region appears.