The rapid development of new information and communication technologies (hereinafter ICT) and their introduction on the territory of the Russian Federation over the past five years has left an indelible imprint on the change for the better in the personality of a modern child. The strongest flow of information, advertising, the use of new technologies on television, the sufficient distribution of computers, electronic toys and game consoles - all this has a significant impact on the child's perception of the world around him, as well as on his upbringing. Significant changes have undergone and especially the practical activities of children: changing games, hobbies and favorite characters. Our article will discuss the main models of the use of ICT in the educational process. In addition to the varieties, we consider their characteristics and directions in application.
Modern teaching methods
Today, the school is part of society. It is she who makes it possible to reflect the problems existing throughout the country. Therefore, it is necessary to teach each student in a relatively short period of time to assimilate, transform, and put into practice impressive amounts of information. Such an organization of the learning process is very important, according to which he will actively, enthusiastically and with interest work in the lesson, see the fruits of his own labor, and most importantly, evaluate them.
A combination of traditional methods and the use of ICT in the educational process helps the teacher in solving such a difficult task. The use of a computer in a lesson makes the learning process strictly differentiated, mobile and individual. The tool combines the capabilities of a VCR, TV, calculator, as well as a book. The computer is a universal toy that can simulate all sorts of other games. The modern information mechanism is an equal partner for the child, able to respond very subtly to his requests and actions, which the student sometimes lacks. It is important to consider that the use of ICT in the educational process at school is an attractive solution for teachers. Computers allow you to better assess the knowledge and abilities of the child, to understand him. They encourage finding innovative, new methods and forms of training.
In this article, we will try to highlight the key possibilities of using ICT in the educational process. We begin, of course, with the concept of information technology.
ICT Definition
In practice, it is customary to interpret informational teaching methods as technologies in accordance with which special informational technical means are used (for example, computers, video, audio or film). When the use of ICT in the educational process became common and at the same time popular practice, the concept of new information technologies appeared. In general, any pedagogical tool is primarily an information technology, because the basis of the learning process is formed through information and its transformation. The most successful term for computer-based learning technologies is computer technology. It should be understood as the process of preparation and subsequent transfer of information to the trainee, a computer as a means of realizing it.
Such a technology can be implemented in accordance with one of three options:
- The first option is penetrating technology. The use of ICT in the educational process at school involves computer training in sections, topics, as well as for individual tasks of the didactic plan.
- The second option is considered as the main one. In this case, the most significant parts of those used in the technology are determined.
- The third option is called monotechnology. In accordance with it, the category of training, including monitoring and all types of diagnostics, is based on the use of ICT technologies in the educational process.
The complex of educational ICT tools includes various software and hardware tools that are designed to solve certain tasks of the pedagogical plan. They are endowed with substantive content and are focused on continuous interaction with students.
Classification of ICT Educational Tools
The main models of the use of ICT in the educational process can be classified in accordance with a number of parameters. So, the criterion of pedagogical tasks to be solved assumes the existence of:
- Means providing basic training (knowledge control systems, training systems, electronic textbooks).
- Means of practical training (workshops, task books, virtual designers, simulators, simulation programs).
- Means of an auxiliary plan (encyclopedias, anthologies, dictionaries, multimedia training sessions, developing computer games).
- Means of an integrated nature (distance learning courses).
The use of ICT in the educational process implies the existence of the following categories depending on the functional:
- Information and educational tools (electronic libraries, electronic publications of periodicals, electronic publications, reference books, dictionaries, information systems, educational computer programs).
- Interactive tools (electronic newsgroups, email).
- Tools for finding information (directories or search engines).
Classification by type of information
The use of ICT in the educational process involves classification by type of information into information and electronic resources. Moreover, the information may be:
- Textual (textbooks, textbooks, problem books, dictionaries, tests, reference books, encyclopedias, numerical data, periodicals, educational and programmatic teaching materials).
- Visual (all kinds of collections: photographs, illustrations, portraits, video clips of phenomena and processes, demonstrations of experiments, video tours; dynamic, statistical and interactive models: subject virtual laboratories, laboratory workshops; symbolic objects: diagrams, schemes).
- Audio information (sound recordings of musical works, performances, sounds of inanimate and living nature, as well as synchronized audio objects).
- Audio and video information (it is advisable to include audio-video objects of inanimate and living nature, as well as subject excursions).
- Combined (textbooks, primary sources, study guides, anthologies, encyclopedias, problem books, periodicals, dictionaries).
Recommendations on the use of ICT tools in the educational process
Preparing a lesson using ICT assumes that the teacher must formulate an action plan depending on its goals. So, in the process of selecting educational material, the key didactic principles must be observed : consistency and systematicity, a differentiated approach, accessibility, scientificness, and so on. It should be remembered that a computer cannot replace a teacher - it only supplements its functionality.
The use of ICT in the educational process in Kindergarten and in schools determines the following characteristics of this lesson:
- The principle of adaptability, in other words, the adaptation of the instrument to the individual characteristics of the child.
- Interactive learning features.
- Manageability, that is, the teacher can adjust the learning process at any time.
- The interaction of the child with the computer can be implemented in accordance with all the types known today: subject-object, object-subject or subject-subject.
- The optimal combination of group and individual activities.
- Maintaining students a state of psychological comfort in the process of communicating with computers.
- Unlimited learning, in other words, its content, applications and interpretations are as great as you like.
Method Features
In the process of using ICT in the educational process of preschool educational institutions and schools, the issue of the ratio of computer and elements of other technologies is very relevant. It is important to note that a computer can be used at all stages of the learning process: when introducing (explaining) new material, repeating, fixing, and also in controlling knowledge. Computer-based learning tools are defined as interactive. They have the ability to respond to the actions of the teacher and student, to enter into dialogue with them. This is precisely the main feature of the method of computer training. A modern computer implements the following functions:
- The source of educational information for the teacher.
- Visual aid for the teacher.
- Training apparatus.
- A tool for diagnosis and control.
- Means for the preparation of texts and their subsequent storage.
- Graphics editor.
- Performance preparation tool.
- A computer with a large arsenal of capabilities.
Benefits
The use of ICT technologies in the educational process in DOW and other educational institutions has a number of advantages, including:
- Individualization of training.
- Growth in the volume of tasks completed in the lesson.
- Intensification of students' independent activities.
- The ability to obtain all kinds of materials via the Internet and the use of special drives. It must be borne in mind that the multimedia system of the electronic textbook allows you to introduce the sounds of natural processes into the curriculum, duplicate the text with the voice of an announcer, create the necessary musical background, turn on any video clip, and enliven the geographical processes with animation. All this provides maximum visibility and, accordingly, the interest of students.
- Increasing motivation and cognitive activity in the assimilation of knowledge due to the diversity of forms of activity, as well as the possibility of introducing a game moment. For example, “you solve the examples correctly - an interesting picture will open”, “you insert all the letters correctly - you will advance the fairy-tale hero closer to the goal”. The computer gives the teacher new opportunities. It allows him, together with students, to enjoy the cognitive process, as well as push the walls of the school room not only through the power of imagination, but also with the help of new technologies that allow you to immerse yourself in an extremely colorful world. Such classes cause an emotional upsurge in children. As a result, even lagging students with desire and sincere desire work at the computer.
- The use of ICT in the educational process of the Federal State Educational Standard allows the teacher to transfer the share of his work to the PC. At the same time, the learning process turns into a more interesting, diverse, intensive. In particular, the recording of theorems, definitions, and other equally important components of the material is accelerated, because the teacher does not have to repeat the text several times - he simply displays the contents of the lesson on the screen. The student, in turn, does not need to wait until the teacher repeats the fragment he needs.
Additional benefits of using ICT
The use of ICT in the educational process of elementary school or secondary, as well as higher education institutions suggests the following additional benefits:
- The methodology of teaching with the use of ICT is very attractive for teachers: it allows for a short period of time to get an objective picture of the degree of assimilation of the studied information in relation to all students, and also to correct it in a timely manner. Moreover, at present, there is the possibility of choosing the level of difficulty of the assignment for a particular student.
- Immediately after the test (when this information has not yet lost its relevance), the student receives an objective result with the definition and explanation of errors, which is considered impossible, for example, during an oral survey.
- The options discussed below for using ICT in the educational process in one way or another involve the development by preschool children and schoolchildren of modern information technologies. In those lessons that are integrated with computer science, students master computer literacy and also learn to use one of the most powerful universal modern tools in working with materials from school subjects - the computer. It is with the help of his students that they solve equations, build drawings, graphs, prepare all kinds of texts, as well as drawings for their presentations and works. Thus, today students have the opportunity to fully demonstrate their creative abilities.
Problems and disadvantages of using ICT
Like any other category, the use of ICT has its drawbacks. Among them, it is important to note the following:
- Teachers and students do not have a computer at home, because not all schools have time to work independently in a computer class. Today, this problem is losing its relevance, because almost everyone has computers.
- The teacher does not have enough time to prepare for the lesson, during which computers are used.
- Inadequate level of computer literacy teacher.
- Lack of interaction with the teacher of computer science.
- The lack of time to study the possibilities of the Internet at the teacher.
- The lack of a demonstration center.
- Difficulties in integrating a computer into the classroom structure of classes.
- Lack of all computer time.
- The lack of the principle of dividing a class into groups when working with computers and so on.
Conclusion Options for using ICT tools
So, we have fully understood the category of ICT application in the educational process. In conclusion, it should be noted that today various options for information and communication technologies are used. Among them, it is important to pay attention to the lesson with multimedia support. In this case, one computer is installed in the classroom. The teacher uses it as an electronic board, and students, for example, when protecting projects. In addition, the lesson can take place using several computers (usually in a specially equipped classroom). All students work at the same time or in turn. A lesson integrated with computer science, in any case, takes place in a computer class. There is also an independent study (sometimes remote) through appropriate training systems. Today, in educational institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is becoming increasingly popular. This suggests that educational institutions are actively using ICT tools in their activities.