In the article, we consider what the hemoglobin content in the red blood cell means? The results of a blood test tell a lot about the general state of human health. In this case, the correct decoding of the result is extremely important. Deviation from the norm indicates the presence of various diseases in the body. In the event that the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte is reduced, it means that the body lacks vitamins, hormones or trace elements.
Indications for analysis
This analysis is a blood test at the cellular level in order to identify the quantitative and qualitative presence of red blood cells, and, in addition, the degree of their saturation with hemoglobin in a percentage ratio. Therefore, if the blood protein in the red blood cell is reduced, then this is a signal of immediate assistance. What does this mean? Red blood cells perform one of the main functions in the body. The fact is that they are responsible for supplying the required amount of oxygen to absolutely all systems of the human body. Each blood cell has its own specific hemoglobin content, due to the iron in it, the action of oxygen binding is performed. The amount of oxygen in the blood depends on the volume of saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin.
ICSU in the analysis
To determine the content of the hemoglobin level in the red blood cell, a procedure called MCHC is performed. Blood is used for the study, while experts believe that such an analysis is the most effective, and at the same time reliable. When the result obtained in the blood test does not meet the established norm, this means that there are pathological processes that adversely affect the production of hemoglobin.
Features of the analysis
The study procedure of the material taken makes it possible to identify the following two indicators:
- The value of "MSN" indicates the average hemoglobin content in the red blood cell.
- The indicator "LSG" is the average value of the volume of the red blood cell.
It is these two indicators that allow doctors to determine the quality and condition of blood cells. In the case when the obtained value exceeds the normal indicator, this does not always mean the presence of diseases. In order to confirm the results, specialists often turn to additional methods for studying blood.
Blood sampling algorithm and analysis
Special training in order to pass an analysis for the hemoglobin content in the red blood cell, as a rule, is not required. It is recommended to take blood no earlier than four hours after the last meal. If possible, one should avoid high emotional and physical stress the day before. It is also necessary to refuse to take alcoholic beverages. Immediately, before entering the office, it is best to rest for about ten minutes.
Blood for this analysis is taken from the fingertips of the left hand using a disposable scarifier or through a syringe from a vein. Venous blood is a better biomaterial for research, therefore, they often resort to this method. Within just one day, you can already get the finished results on hand.
Now let's talk about normal rates.
Hemoglobin rate
In that case, if we talk about the norm, then it does not have an exact value for age categories. In this case, the gender may also have an effect.
An ideal level is considered to be 120-150 g / l, but sometimes indicators can be pathologically overestimated or underestimated due to internal diseases of the body. For example, in women, another period leads to a decrease in the level. Men have a different norm - 135-180 g / l.
The norm of hemoglobin in children at different ages:
- newborn children - 180 - 240 g / l;
- 1 week from birth - 160 - 200 g / l;
- 1 month - 120 - 160 g / l;
- 1 year - 110 - 130 g / l;
- 5 years - 110 - 140 g / l;
- 10 years and older - 120 - 140 g / l.
In elderly patients, the value of this element gradually decreases. Certain factors can reduce this indicator, for example, a decrease in the rate of cell division processes along with a decrease in their activity.
Modern medicine has a considerable number of ways to study human blood at the cellular level. Moreover, the chances of detecting an erroneous result are reduced to a minimum. Almost every research laboratory has a hematology analyzer, which makes it possible not only to obtain the most reliable result, but also the largest amount of required information.
What affects the indicator?
In most cases, if the patient has pathological processes, then the average hemoglobin content in the red blood cell is lowered. With the help of modern technologies, it is possible to identify the reasons for the decline in this indicator. To do this, just donate blood. Such a procedure is performed on an empty stomach in the morning. This is required so that vitamins and microelements that have penetrated food into the body do not adversely affect the reliability of the results.
The same applies to certain foods that the patient consumed the day before. It is recommended that drinks that contain coffee and alcohol be excluded. You should also give up smoking, since all this can affect the blood formula and the result of the analysis.
Deciphering the result
The low value of the hemoglobin content in the red blood cell is called hypochromia in medicine. The decryption process, as a rule, is carried out by a specialist, further identifying the causes of possible deviations. The most common factor is iron deficiency anemia, since there is a negative change in the processes of assimilation of iron by the body. Additional factors affecting the decrease in advising indicators in the analysis also include:
- Violation of the patient’s hemoglobin structure of congenital etymology.
- The presence of anemia, which is characterized by a reduced iron content.
- The appearance of thalassemia.
- The presence of a macrocytic type of anemia.
A lack of fluid in the body, along with the presence of various types of inflammatory processes and lead intoxication in a patient, can have an equal effect. Disorders at the genetic level in combination with an insufficient amount of vitamins present in the body can also have an effect. Very often, such deviations are accompanied by certain symptomatic manifestations.
The most common is the presence of fatigue along with fatigue, even after a period of prolonged rest. In addition, a significant decrease in the overall performance of a person as a whole can be observed in combination with constant dizziness, the presence of so-called flies in front of the eyes, as well as a temporary loss of consciousness. All these symptoms directly indicate insufficient iron in the body. If the average hemoglobin content in the red blood cell is reduced or increased, you should definitely consult a doctor.
Increase "SIT"
The average hemoglobin in erythrocytes is increased in two cases: when protein synthesis increases or the size of red blood cells decreases. It is imperative to take measures, otherwise negative consequences may arise. When there is an increased content of hemoglobin in the red blood cell, and this is combined with great health problems, then this condition is called hyperchromic anemia in medicine. It develops, as a rule, in the following cases:
- Against the background of chronic blood loss in the presence of digestive bleeding, hemorrhoids, heavy periods in women and so on.
- With a lack of vitamin "B12", and, in addition, folic acid. This usually occurs against the background of the presence of chronic gastritis.
- With increased destruction of red blood cells in the bloodstream in case of poisoning with hemolytic poisons.
- Against the background of hypothyroidism, that is, with a small production of thyroid hormones.
- In the presence of liver diseases and against the background of an enlarged spleen.
- In case of red blood cell growth disorders.
- Against the background of malignant tumor metastasis.
- When can there be an increase in hemoglobin in the red blood cell? Due to medication, whether it be cytostatics, oral hormonal contraceptives, anticonvulsants, and so on.
Protein Reduction
Reduced hemoglobin in the erythrocyte is observed when the "SIT" is less than 27 pg. This condition can develop in case of violations of hemoglobin synthesis processes within the bone marrow. As a result, the blood red corpuscles are only partially filled with it, and they cope extremely poorly with the functions of gas transfer. Such anemia is called hypochromic, it is characterized by pallor of the mucous membranes and skin, and at the same time shortness of breath and increased fatigue. The average amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced in the following cases:
- Amid acute blood loss.
- In the presence of lead intoxication.
- Against the background of chronic kidney disease.
- The hemoglobin content in red blood cells is reduced with a lack of iron in the body.
- In the presence of thalassemia, that is, a congenital defect in the protein fraction of hemoglobin.
- Against the background of porphyria, which leads to violations of the structure and metabolism of hemoglobin.
Conclusion
Thus, such an insignificant indicator as the average presence of hemoglobin in red blood cells gives doctors extensive information for a diagnostic check. Its persistent decrease makes it possible to determine many hereditary pathologies or the impact of environmental factors on human health. An increase in MSN allows you to distinguish between malignant anemia (which develops as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency) from chronic blood loss.
Such moments are very important for further treatment of patients. Knowing the intricacies makes it easier for specialists to make the correct diagnosis, and patients are given the opportunity to evaluate the correctness of the prescribed treatment.