Patterns invisible to the naked eye on the human body arise under the influence of exogenous and endogenous negative factors. Pathologies are defined as Blashko lines. Melanogenesis is manifested by hypopigmentation, refers to diseases of the group of dermatoses. Visible benign formations are of interest to science. Understanding the principle of the appearance of a tumor, it is possible to prevent the appearance of melanoma.
History of skin pathology research
A German researcher of dermatological problems discovered the Blashko line in 1901. They represent a pigmentation pattern, similar in structure to all patients. The disease was named after the name of the scientist, whose name is Alfred.
A dermatologist has established the relationship of the appearance of pathology with X-chromosomes. On healthy skin, changes are not visible at their normal concentration. As a result of the chaotic migration of malanoblasts, the formation of the visible region of the pattern occurs. The state of mutated cells depends on the nerve breakdowns of the body. However, dermatological problems can be detected with congenital inheritance of the disease.
The main causes of abnormalities on human skin
The following factors of the formation of the Blashko line on the body are distinguished:
- Chimerism - often referred to as a condition when a person observes two types of DNA. A different set of genes provokes the formation of pigmentation on the body. Such consequences are found during incest of two different races. The causes of skin pathology is the merger of a fertilized egg in the early stages of pregnancy.
- Stress instability of a person - a chaotic pattern is formed.
- Genetics - making changes to human DNA. The cause of the pathology is the congenital appearance of nevuses: depigmented, pigmented, sebaceous, linear verrucous inflammatory.
- Genetic mixing of DNA during embryogenesis - scientists have established the structure of human tissues: a set of genes is observed in one cell. Although the origin of the latter comes from one zygote.
The nature of the appearance of dermatosis
The layman does not know the term “Blashko lines” - what are these lines? Such problems are often found in newborn children, no more than 2% of which are predisposed to the appearance of pathologies. The DNA structure already initially contains disease information. External signs arise as a result of deviations of the endocrinology of the body.
Blashko lines are characterized by three cells in the body, which are the source of the formation of the disease:
- Epidermal keratinocytes - acquired pathologies are more often observed as a result of chimerism.
- Pigmented - located in the lower layers of the epidermis.
- Profiling border pigment cells - lead to a change in skin color, passing through the basement membrane into the upper layer of the dermis. This condition is observed with the congenital nature of the formation of melanoma.
External signs
In the medical literature, information about the Blashko line is indicated: that it is a disease of human tissues, which manifests itself in case of malfunctions in the body during life. The structure of the invisible pattern on the back partly resembles the color of animals: zebras or tigers. You can notice it with ultraviolet radiation.
The color of human skin depends on the pigment substance melanin. It is formed in the epidermis of tissues, the basal layer contains melanocytes. Deviations in the process of melanogenesis lead to a change in color, visually noticeable:
- Hyperpigmentation is a chaotic pattern of dark spots on the skin, clearly distinguished from the main shade of the integument.
- Hypopigmentation - loss of color of skin cells, which is expressed by whitish spots. A rare pathology is observed in no more than 1% of newborns.
The external manifestation of the disease is a V-shaped pattern, in the form of curls or wave-like lines. It is formed more often in the following parts of the body:
- back
- on the side parts;
- shoulders
- to the head.
Diagnosis problems
The Blashko line pattern is noticeable when a person is exposed to ultraviolet light, but rarely does anyone undergo such an examination during life. Studies of the state of the body are already begun at the advanced stages of the disease. In newborns, light spots of hypopigmentation on the body are difficult to notice. The child acquires pronounced skin changes in a few years.
A set of chromosomes affects the state of cells. If it is strikingly different in neighboring parts of the skin, then deviations in the color of the tissues are observed. So hypopigmentation can manifest itself in the following conditions:
- Chaotic spots - interesting to science because of the uneven formation. The picture shows complex figures in the form of stripes, chess cells.
- Localized - appear as one spot in a certain area.
- Generalized - can be accompanied by diseases of the internal organs.
Why study skin patterns?
Doctors resort to the analysis of the texture of tissues with visible complications on the skin. Here the main indicator is the Blashko line, the disease is being investigated to make the correct diagnosis. This becomes relevant with the following dermatological problems:
- chimerism;
- mosaicism;
- depriving;
- nevus;
- melanoma.
Complex textures are important only from the research side, for the layman such an analysis does not yet lead to certain conclusions about the disease. Scientists intend to reveal the purpose of patterns on the human body. Perhaps the results of discoveries will help to overcome
rare skin
diseases .