The introduction of new standards in modern teaching has led to a change in approaches to the educational process. Old methods do not provide the opportunity to develop the personality of the child. They give only subject knowledge, without affecting personal abilities. A review of the methods and characteristics of educational activities will help to see how the quality of education of primary school students has changed.
School Program Conversion
The introduction of the federal state educational standard led to a complete transformation of organizational and methodological activities both in the field of management and the organization of the learning process in each individual class of primary school. The functions of the participants in the education system and the sequence of interactions between them have changed. The main types of educational activities of students in GEF contribute to the acquisition of necessary skills applicable in later life.
Fundamental changes have taken place in the management of the school institution, which have affected all areas - from the preparation of basic documents to the organization of student nutrition and the interaction of teachers with parents. Considerable attention will be paid to the development of a holistic educational environment and material and technical base in the school.
The introduction of new standards resulted in the need to write a new educational program for primary general education. How is this manifested? It required the development of educational activities with the participation of the entire teaching staff, a reassessment of the work programs of educational and extracurricular activities and the development of new lesson analysis schemes.
The controlled object for the administration of educational institutions was the achievement of students. All the main types of educational activities of students under the FOGS are monitored, children must be developed comprehensively. To do this, you should check the intermediate, cumulative and final results of the learning process. Subject, meta-subject and personal learning outcomes become the main indicator of the success of the program.
Features of educational activities
The main types of educational activities of students in the GEF are described in this document, and the important role is given to the introduction of universal educational actions (UUD). A distinctive feature of the innovation is an active character, the main purpose of which is the formation of the personality of the child. The current education system is moving away from the traditional view of learning outcomes in the form of acquired knowledge and skills. The wording of the standard indicates the real activities that the student should master by the end of primary education. Requirements for learning outcomes are expressed in the form of personal, meta-subject and subject results.
What is UUD? In the broad sense, the term “universal learning activities” refers to learning. This means that the student forms the ability to self-development and self-improvement due to the conscious and energetic acquisition of new experience. In a narrower sense, the term UUD can be defined as the totality of the student’s methods of action, providing independent assimilation of new knowledge and the formation of skills. It also covers the organizational process of learning activities. Proper GEF planning will facilitate the task for educators and help students develop abilities.
UUD and their categories
Universal educational actions help to develop the personality of the child, contribute to the formation of his thinking, develop abilities and raise high moral standards. They take education in Russia to a whole new level and reflect the transition from the industrial education system to the new generation system. This training is based on modern knowledge of psychology and innovative methods.
There are four categories that require development as a result of educational activities using universal educational actions: personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative. How to develop all these qualities during the lessons? What skills should a child master as a result of an education? Let's consider in order what this or that skill will lead to.
Regulatory action
In general terms, everyone understands what it is, but what is included in the ability to learn?
Regulatory actions include the ability to set a specific goal, plan your life and predict acceptable circumstances. In what discipline at school do students learn to set tasks and find solutions to them? Of course, this is math. Learning to solve complex mathematical examples and problems, students, unfortunately, do not learn independence. This knowledge does not help them in overcoming urgent problems.
What problems arise already at school age? For example, the problem of passing the DH. Concerned about their child, parents hire tutors and spend time and money preparing for exams. And what would happen if the student possessed the ability to independently organize his educational activities? As a result, he himself could safely prepare for the exams.
To date, the program of educational activities allows the student to develop regulatory abilities with the help of UUD. From the elementary grades, a student learns to set goals for himself correctly, without exaggeration, to assess the level of his knowledge and skills, and to find the most elementary way to solve the problem.
Today, the information we need is freely available on the Internet. And in order to teach a child to use it, it is necessary to radically change the approach of teachers to the organization of the educational process. The main thing in our time is to know how to use this information.
What does a teacher need to know for this? Instead of the old synopsis, it is now necessary to prepare a scenario action plan, which gives considerable freedom and determines the consistent activity of schoolchildren. When planning a lesson, group and paired forms of organizing classes for students should be used more intensively.
For example, the orientation program in mathematics provides for a significant increase in active forms of work aimed at involving students in the mathematical process. They must understand the mathematical material, acquire practical skills and be able to present their reasoning and evidence. Along with this, it pays attention to the use of computers and information technologies to enhance the visual and experimental component of training.
Our life is unpredictable. It is likely that after some time, when entering a university or other educational institution, the student will need the knowledge that is currently taught in the school in a small amount. So that the child does not get confused in such circumstances, he needs to master the universal learning activities. Learning is vital in today's society. This is the key to normal adaptation in the world, as well as professional career growth.
Cognitive abilities
The systematic planning of learning activities helps the child develop cognitive abilities. He learns to comprehend and study the world around him. For this, the teacher needs to teach the student not only general educational activities, such as setting goals, working with information and modeling situations, but also to teach them to think logically - to analyze, compare, classify or prove their own point of view.
Often, interest in learning appears when conducting research on a topic. A child, turning into a little scientist, must independently find the necessary information, conduct careful observation, take stock of his activities, and also evaluate his own results. This method can be used in any lesson.
What will it give? Along with the emergence of an interest in knowledge, which often disappears during the period of study, the child develops the ability to be open-minded about the fruits of his labor.
It helps a lot in research activities compiling a child's portfolio. This word often sounds in today's world. In fact, these are the results of training activities. What should a portfolio look like? The main page should contain information about its owner. It contains photographs of him and his friends, relatives, as well as a story about himself. Then the student chooses a topic of interest to him and on the following pages reveals it as extensively as possible.
Such a process develops a child’s interest in learning and, of course, a craving for knowledge. Directly composing his own portfolio, the student learns to work with information, looks for ways to get new information, analyze the collected data, compares, puts forward his theories.
So from a student who only mechanically remembers school material and carries out actions according to the example of a teacher, often without comprehending the meaning, the student gradually turns into an initiative person, a self-developing personality.
Communicative actions
These are the most important qualities that a student must develop, starting from the first classes. All his future life will depend on this. It is thematic planning with the types of educational activities that will enable him to learn how to collaborate with the team. So he gains the ability to enter into a conversation, participate in a joint discussion of issues, clearly formulate his thoughts, substantiate his statements and take into account the point of view of other people.
Not all children have developed communication skills, and often isolation or, on the contrary, assertiveness leads to conflicts. The teacher should purposefully teach students to defend their views correctly, reasonably convince another person, and also be able to negotiate with an opponent. It is required to train the younger generation to build friendly relations with the team, be able to find a solution in conflict situations, provide assistance, as well as effectively acquire knowledge and acquire the necessary skills in collaboration with peers. It is important for students to learn to reach an agreement with each other. This is necessary when studying in groups, and is also very useful in later life when solving problems at work and in the family.
Personal qualities
By assimilating personal universal skills, the child safely accepts the norms of behavior in the world around him, learns to fairly evaluate himself and his actions. Each of us lives in our environment, and the ability to get along with other people in it is the key to a full life. This is the moral aspect: to be able to empathize, to provide mutual assistance, to be responsive to their relatives.
However, for this, the child needs to learn to understand what feelings his classmate, friend or family member may feel in certain conditions. He must be able to see that the person next to him needs, for example, emotional support, and maybe physical help. For example, help a sick grandmother at home or help a friend walk a dog.
Also, the student learns to independently resist actions and influences that pose a threat to his life and health. From a practical point of view, for a happy existence, a student should understand what specialties are most in demand today, and in which area he will better show his abilities and will be a useful member of society. GEF planning will help to develop all these qualities.
Innovation for high school students
The innovations laid down in the GEF project for secondary general education are a few times reduction in the number of disciplines in high school. Currently, students in grades 10-11 master about 21 subjects. The GEF training plan will reduce their number to 12.
In view of the new standards, the educational activity of the school intends to preserve six subject areas for high school students , of which seven subjects they need will have to be preferred. Compulsory disciplines such as physical education, life safety and “Russia in the world” will also remain.
Each of the preferred subjects will have three levels of study: integrated, basic and core. It is planned that five hours a week should be allocated to the core level, and three hours each to the basic and integrated levels.
As a result, three specialized subjects, three compulsory and three basic or integrated levels will appear in the curriculum for high school students, and as a result there will be 33 hours a week. This will prevent a considerable amount of unnecessary knowledge and repetitions. In the types of educational activities in the lesson will be introduced personal projects of students.
Group work
Unlike the previous system, the formation of educational activities in the school requires a group form of training. This involves organizing small groups in the classroom. The following forms of group collaboration are distinguished:
- Paired form - this means that two students carry out some share of the work together. This form of educational activity is used to achieve any edifying goal - it can be the study and consolidation of the lesson materials, as well as testing knowledge from each other. Also, working in pairs gives students the opportunity to reflect on an established task, exchange ideas with a partner, and only then voice the results of their activities to the whole class. She promotes the formation of skills to express their opinions, communicate, ability to persuade and participate in the discussion.
- Cooperative-group is a form of organization of training in small groups of students connected by one common educational goal. Such an organization of educational activity enables the teacher to direct the work of any student indirectly, through the tasks set. In this case, the group carries out part of the goal common for the whole class, and it also acquaints and defends the completed task in the process of collective discussion. The main conclusions during such a discussion become fundamental for the whole class and are recorded in a notebook by all those present.
- The individual-group form provides for the separation of the educational task between the members of the group when each of its members carries out its part. The results of the implementation are first discussed and evaluated in the group, and then submitted for analysis of the entire class and the teacher.
Extracurricular Activities
The standard implies the implementation of both lesson and extracurricular activities in an educational institution. Extracurricular activities on GEF are organized according to the directions of personality formation. It can be sports and fitness, spiritual, moral, social, general intellectual and cultural classes. For the implementation of such installations from the teacher will require great attention to each student. The fact is that the content of such classes should be created taking into account the wishes of students and their parents.
What can be included in such classes? They may include personal and group consultations, for example, on separate subjects for children of various categories. It is also possible to arrange excursions, hobby groups, round tables, conferences, disputes, school scientific societies, olympiads, competitions, various studies. The characteristic of educational activities will help determine the preferences of students and create the type of activity that will help to develop a personality.
Guidelines
The proposed methodological recommendations will help to take into account all the main types of educational activities of students in the GEF.
The teacher in the lesson focuses on the developing value of each task, applies specialized developmental techniques, and correctly poses questions. Notices the student’s success in comparison with his previous results and does not compare him with classmates.
The teacher explains for what purpose this or that knowledge is necessary, how it can be useful in life. It is necessary to attract schoolchildren to replenish the stock of knowledge when studying new material. Teach methods of working in groups, show how you can come to a common solution in group work, teach how to resolve learning conflicts.
The teacher in the lesson teaches self-test, showing students how to find and fix errors. Children can learn according to the proposed algorithm, evaluate the results of the assignment, while the teacher shows and certainly explains why this or that mark was put.
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The teacher applies design forms of work in the lesson. Extracurricular activities on GEF help students to better use their knowledge in practice. The teacher teaches the child to make moral choices as part of the work with valuable material and its consideration. The teacher should have a desire to find ways to captivate children with knowledge.
This list of methods can be continued for a long time - the main types of educational activities of students in the GEF fully affect the entire process of school education. It is absolutely necessary for all teachers to adapt to new standards: both primary and high schools. Students will be helped to develop their abilities only by universal educational actions that they will apply throughout the learning process, as well as in their personal lives.