In medical facilities, everything should be sterile, especially instruments. It is sterilization that guarantees the safety of patients, because in the blood and other fluids from the diseased organism that fall on the instrument, viruses can be contained, which can then end up in the body of a healthy person and cause infection. And in the process of processing all viruses and bacteria are destroyed under the influence of special fluids or high temperature.
However, before sterilizing equipment, a special procedure is necessary - pre-sterilization processing of instruments. Its purpose is to remove blood, protein and fat contaminants, drugs, mechanical impurities from devices. Tools are processed unassembled.
Pre-sterilization cleaning of tools includes the following procedures:
- rinsing the instruments with water - 30 seconds;
- soaking them in detergent for half an hour;
- washing each instrument with a brush or cotton swab - 30 seconds;
- rinsing with running water - 3-10 minutes - depending on the drugs used;
- rinsing for 30 seconds with distilled water;
- complete drying at a temperature of 85 ° C.
It is believed that the procedure was successful if the amidopyrone or azopyram test gives a negative result (no traces of blood were found on the product).
During the procedure, a special washing solution is used, which has two variations. The first is made from perhydrol 30% (20 milliliters), SMS (5 grams) and water (975 milliliters). This solution can be used during the day after manufacture. The second option is made from the drug "Biolot" (5 grams) and water (1 liter), it is used immediately after manufacture.
Quality control of pre-sterilization cleanings should be carried out regularly. So, in centralized sterilization hospitals, self-monitoring is carried out daily, and in the departments of medical institutions - weekly. Monitoring by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance should be carried out once a quarter.
To conduct it, an azopyram test is used.
Control should be subject to one percent (but not less than 3 pcs.) Of the tools processed at one time. If the test yields a positive result, the instrument is subject to re-processing.
Azopyram test is carried out using a special reagent. First, a solution is prepared: to obtain a liter of solution, 1 (maximum - 1.5) grams of aniline hydrochloride, 100 grams of amidopyrine and 899-898.5 grams of ethyl alcohol are taken. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed together. This solution can be stored for a long time - up to two months in the refrigerator and up to one month at room temperature. Possible slight yellowing of the solution, as well as precipitation in it. This does not affect its properties.
The aforementioned solution is used to prepare the azopyram reagent. Equal parts of the solution and hydrogen peroxide 3% are taken. At room temperature, the resulting preparation can be stored for about 2 hours, and at a temperature above 26 ° C - only half an hour. Therefore, the reagent for conducting an azopyram test is made immediately before use.
During longer storage, the reagent acquires a pinkish tint, which indicates a decrease in its effectiveness. To test for suitability, it is applied to a blood stain. If the liquid becomes purple or violet, then the reagent is suitable for use. It is not recommended to store it in bright light.
The azopyram test is carried out as follows: the tested instruments are immersed in the reagent (they must not be hot). If there is any trace of blood on them, the reagent is painted in lilac color for a minute , quickly turning into brownish or pink. If the color of the liquid remains unchanged, this indicates that the toolkit is completely clean and does not require re-processing.