The activity of any business entity is impossible without a certain management structure. There is a wide variety of forms for constructing a management scheme in an enterprise. This is due to the difference in the areas of activity of business entities, volumes of products and territorial location. Depending on the nature of the established internal relations, two forms of the management structure are distinguished.
The first type of organization of the leading sector, called hierarchical, is based on the principles of subordination of different levels that carry out administrative functions. Each sector of such a management structure corresponds to certain levels of job responsibilities and its own specific features. A hierarchical type can be represented by one of three forms of organization. These include:
1. The linear management structure. With this form of organization, each of the leaders controls the work of a subordinate unit independently. This scheme is very simple and quite effective when the list of tasks to be solved is limited.
2. Functional structure. It is a certain type of subordination when units of a lower level are managed by technical, planning, financial and other sectors. Administrative instructions in this form are most qualified. The functional structure of the organization has its drawbacks. The most basic of them is the inconsistency of the tasks received. In addition, units that are faced with specific issues may not always be able to determine their priority. Currently, this scheme is used extremely rarely.
3. A mixed management structure. It combines elements of both a linear and a functional circuit. With this form of management, managers control and approve those decisions that were the result of the work of their subordinate units. However, if the list of questions is very extensive, then this scheme is not applied at the enterprise. A wide variety of tasks makes the work of the head quite complicated. To avoid this, this scheme is simplified. At the same time, units of a functional type manage subdivisions that are lower in subordination on issues within their competence.
Which management structures will be most effective at certain enterprises is determined taking into account the scale and nature of production, as well as the type of business entity. The most convenient leadership scheme in a small organization is non-workshop. With this form, each sector of the production process is subordinate to the master. It is led directly by the director. At a larger enterprise, the position of senior foreman is introduced, who is responsible for the work of several sites.
If the enterprise is large-scale, then the shop floor is the most convenient form of management structure. At the same time, the head of this main production link directly directs the craftsmen, reporting to the director.
There is also a cabinet diagram of the management structure. Especially large enterprises use it in their work. With it, the business entity is divided into corps. Those, in turn, are divided into workshops and plots in them. May have enterprises and mixed management structures.
The second type of leadership organization is the most modern. An organic or adhocratic management scheme has the ability to easily adapt to changing conditions in connection with changes in the external and internal factors of the organization. So, for example, the organizational structure of a store in a modern market should clearly define the tasks whose solution is the responsibility of a particular employee, taking into account the purpose of the company. The management scheme of trading companies must respond to all changes in market conditions.