The creation of schools where students undergo specialized training is an adequate response to the wishes of the students themselves, who, according to the polls, expressed the opinion that the model of a simple comprehensive school has already exhausted itself and does not allow them to fully orient themselves professionally. The state, in principle, agrees with these statements. This is evident from the fact that the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation announced the gradual transformation of most "simple" schools into specialized educational institutions.
At its core, specialized training is not the same as industrial or professional - they differ in their goals. The main goal pursued by profile education is a kind of preparation for further education of a student at a university in a chosen profession. For this, an in-depth study of specialized, that is, those that are primarily necessary for further education, subjects is introduced in the school curriculum. This does not mean that other subjects will not be taught at all. Just profile training at school implies the allocation of more hours of study specifically for selected subjects. At the same time, as with regular education, specialized education at school provides for the issuance of a certificate with final grades not only in subjects with in-depth study, but also in other general subjects. The increased number of hours can be not only in the composition of the main lessons, but also in the form of electives, that is, additional classes.
The very concept of specialized education is usually introduced from high school and includes the right for high school students to independently choose the option of education in any priority area. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed and approved 4 basic options for which specialized training can be carried out. These are profiles with a mathematical, socio-economic, technological and humanitarian bias. Moreover, each individual profile implies the study of an in-depth study of not one particular subject, but several at once. In the mathematical bias, this is mathematics and physics, and in the humanities - literature in combination with Russian and foreign languages, etc. But these developments are purely advisory in nature, and the administration of each particular school is given the right to implement its own profile. Therefore, the list of various profiles has already expanded significantly. For example, according to the same Ministry of Education, the formation of agricultural, medical and pedagogical profiles, as well as many others, was noted.
Profile training can have several types of classroom teaching. These can be specialized classes using specially developed curricula or classes with in-depth study of specialized subjects, but the most promising from the point of view of the student's further admission to the university are special classes that operate according to the school-university scheme. It is to the latter model, as the most promising for further career guidance in the conditions of stringent requirements that the modern labor market imposes, and most schools seek. But for the formation of such classes, close interaction between the school institution and the supervising university is necessary, the teachers of which conduct electives for senior students in the form of additional preparatory courses. Not all schools, especially those located in rural areas, have the opportunity to establish such close cooperation with a higher educational institution. Therefore, here, for students, as a rule, profile education is taught in the classroom with a deeper study of subjects.
In general, specialized training is undoubtedly a very useful form of knowledge acquisition, which allows the young generation to decide on their choice of profession as early as possible and begin active preparation for their acquisition.