A coprology analysis is needed to diagnose the state of the digestive system. With its help, problems in the work of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas are revealed. This diagnostic method is effective in determining the disease at the initial stage. The procedure helps to know the status of feces, identify parasites. When conducting, many indicators are taken into account, therefore, it is necessary to properly prepare for the procedure. Decryption should be done by a specialist. Only a doctor can accurately determine the diagnosis.
Research value
Feces are the end result of digested food. It contains complete information about the state of the digestive system. The biological material contains 75% of bacteria, undigested food, mucus, intestinal cells, pigments that give color. It is important to know what the analysis of coprology shows. With its help, deviations from the norm are revealed, indicating diseases. The data will indicate the location of the problem.
The laboratory technician conducts a visual inspection to evaluate the shape, texture, color. In the analyzes, blood, pus or mucus is secreted. After a chemical analysis, inflammatory processes and hidden bleeding are revealed. After that, the material is examined under a microscope. In the laboratory, white blood cells, salt crystals, helminth eggs are isolated.
To get a reliable result, it is important to eat right and follow the rules. The collection is different in adults and children. When decoding, the age of the patient is taken into account.
How to prepare and pass tests
Preparation of fecal analysis for coprology should be thorough in order to obtain the correct information. For several days, tomatoes, beets, meat products, green vegetables are excluded. The diet may include dairy products, cereals, fruit and vegetable puree. Before collection, organs are washed with warm water. You can not take tests during menstruation. If the patient checked the digestive system with barium, tests can be taken no earlier than two days later.
Analysis for coprology will be correct if you adhere to the rules for collecting analyzes:
- You can not force a bowel movement. Take feces from spontaneous bowel movements. Do not use enemas and laxatives, as they affect the quality.
- When collecting urine or blood should not get during menstruation.
- Use a special sterile container. It is not necessary to fill it completely. Enough material the size of a teaspoon.
- You need to wash immediately before collecting feces.
- It is not necessary to do this on an empty stomach. You can collect during the day. Deliver within 12 hours. Store at temperatures up to 8 degrees.
Before collecting tests, an adult must empty the bladder. Use soap in which there are no dyes and aromatic additives. Allowed to wash with ordinary household soap. The tag indicates the time of collection, date, last name and initials of the patient. Do not use regular food jars. They are not always washed, food remains. This affects the results of the analyzes. Not suitable for this box of cardboard or wood. In the pharmacy you can buy a special container with a spatula.
How to collect tests for children
If coprology is prescribed, the stool analysis of the child is collected from a clean pot. There should be no impurities of other liquids. Fatty foods with coloring characteristics should not be included in the diet. It affects the consistency and chemical composition. The doctor is informed and taking the drugs.
Bathe and wash the baby as usual. To check for pinworms, you do not need to wash the child in the perianal part of the anus. If the analysis will be taken from the baby, the mother needs to take care of proper nutrition. Do not eat foods that affect intestinal motility. Analysis of feces for coprology in the baby is collected in the urine. You can use a clean diaper. Newborn babies empty immediately after eating.
How to decipher the testimony of an adult
Deciphering the analysis of coprology will help to identify diseases, disruptions in the body. This will indicate the color, smell, consistency of feces. Light indicates problems with the liver, pancreas and gall bladder. Black color indicates bleeding in the digestive tract. This happens with an ulcer, tumor, and Crohn's disease. A brown stool is considered normal.
A careful examination of the tests reveals the presence of pus, mucus, stones, worms. Using a chemical study, acidity and protein are determined. Depending on the indicators, the specialist will prescribe an additional examination of the abdominal organs. This includes x-rays, ultrasound, a general analysis of blood and urine.
Analysis components
Depending on what was found in the composition of feces, in what quantity, you can find out what the analysis of feces on coprology shows. Each substance will indicate the location of the problem, the nature and degree of development of the disease.
- Protein. If it is present in the feces, then there are deviations from the norm. Among the reasons - the inflammatory process in the digestive tract, gastritis, colitis, pancreatitis, ulcers, proctitis. An accurate diagnosis will not work right away. More research is needed.
- Blood. Identify with a stomach ulcer, worms. With bleeding from the large intestine, unchanged blood cells are present. If they change, problems in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The analysis will reveal the neoplasm at an early stage.
- Slime. Needed to protect organs. If it is present in excess, the patient has lactose intolerance, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Diagnosed with dysentery or colitis.
- Bilirubin. It appears in the stool if food passes too quickly. The substance does not have time to become stercobilin. Most often occurs with dysbiosis and gastroenteritis.
- Sterkobilin. Color pigment. A coprology test can show hemolytic anemia at an elevated rate. If the level is reduced, then the patient has bile ducts blocked.
- Iodophilic flora. Indicates a violation of the intestinal microflora. Pathogenic microbes appear when food is not digested enough.
- Detritus. A substance that appears when damaged epithelial cells.
- Starch. It should not be in the feces. With proper bowel function, it breaks down with food. If the masses are moving fast, there are problems with the pancreas. The cause is chronic pancreatitis and malabsorption syndrome.
- Muscle fibers. They are present only in a modified form. When the production of digestive juice is reduced, animal products are poorly digested. Pancreatitis develops due to abnormalities in the pancreas.
- Neutral fat. With normal functioning of the digestive system is absent. At the same time, more than 90% of fats are absorbed. If deciphering the analysis of feces for coprology showed that the substance is in the composition, then bile is not sufficiently produced. Such indicators occur with a decrease in the lipase enzyme.
What to look for
At normal rates, there are no white blood cells. Their presence will indicate inflammation in the intestines. The stool should not contain fatty acids. They appear with a decrease in digestive enzymes, a lack of bile and the movement of the chyme.
Ammonia in the normal indicator is 20-40 mol / kg. With an increase, rot occurs in the intestines. The process starts when protein production increases. This is due to inflammation of the intestinal walls. To establish the exact cause, additional studies are prescribed.
In feces, plant fiber with soluble and insoluble fibers is found. The first type appears with insufficient intake of hydrochloric acid. The second depends on the patient's nutrition. Connective fibers are the remains of food of animal origin. With normal health, he will not be in the transcript of the analysis. Determined with low acidity and lack of hydrochloric acid. Indicates gastritis and pancreatitis.
Decoding analysis in children and infants
When taking a coprology test in children, the decoding will be different. Deviations from the norm also indicate problems. An important indicator is the amount of mass. An increase or decrease indicates insufficient production of bile. The baby has a disrupted digestive system and pancreas.
Pay attention to consistency. Liquid feces means excess secretion, mushy - colitis. Foam in the feces will indicate fermentative dyspepsia, and high density will indicate constipation and cramping.
Analysis of coprology in infants is deciphered by color determination. It changes depending on what mom eats. Green and beige will indicate problems. The baby has excessive intestinal motility. Red indicates an ulcer, and black indicates more serious digestive problems, which are confirmed by other tests and ultrasound.
An important indicator is acidity. With reduced results, putrefactive processes occur, with increased results - diarrhea. Healthy babies lack blood. If a coprology analysis in children shows that there is a substance, polyps or bleeding in the large intestine confirm. Protein is present with poor digestion.
Only infants in the feces may have mucus. In infants, it comes in the form of undigested fat from mother's milk. In older children, there is no substance. When the pancreas and gall bladder are disturbed, neutral fats are found in the feces. Fatty acids will cause putrefactive dyspepsia. If a doctor decrypts white blood cells and red blood cells, he will diagnose dysentery, colitis, and hemorrhoids.
Important indicators
Parents need to know what the coprology analysis shows. This will allow you to see a doctor in a timely manner. Deviations from the norm will indicate a disease, a specialist will select therapy. By analysis, parasites are detected. This includes several types of worms and giardia, causing giardiasis. Bilirubin often appears after taking antibiotics. Low levels of stercobilin indicate hepatitis. With anemia, it increases dramatically.
A coprology analysis is needed to reveal microscopic results. They indicate such a pathology as creatorrhea, which occurs against a background of colitis and constipation, steatorrhea of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd type. It occurs with a tumor of the duct, the presence of stone, pancreatitis. Confirms gallbladder dyskinesia and enteritis. The latter type develops if the child has more serious diseases: lymphogranulomatosis, Addison’s disease, cystic fibrosis. These are chronic pathologies that need to be treated for a long time.
Amylorrhea is characterized by the presence of starch. It occurs with pancreatitis and diarrhea. Lientorea is a disease with the presence of connective tissue in the feces. White blood cells indicate parasitic problems, red blood cells indicate salmonellosis or an ulcer. If the blood reaction is positive, check the child for a tumor or intestinal tuberculosis.
Transparent mucus is a sign of colitis, with impurities of blood - colorectal cancer. If the acidity is close to alkali, the baby has inflammation. Liver diseases are characterized by an increased Adler coefficient. A reduced amount will indicate hemolytic jaundice. With candidiasis, mushrooms are found. Protozoa live with parasitic infestations.
Normal stool does not have a pungent odor. It appears during the breakdown of proteins that are concentrated inside the stool. In people on a vegetarian diet, odors are significantly reduced, and the use of meat products increases them, makes them harsh.
Caprology Syndromes
With proper preparation for the analysis of coprology, several deviations are immediately identified. Various combinations are syndromes. When decrypted, this will allow the doctor to correctly diagnose.
Pathologies of the teeth and gums lead to oral syndrome. It is difficult to chew food; it is poorly absorbed in the intestines. Analysis will show her presence in the feces. If there are problems with the pancreas, gastrogenic syndrome occurs. They diagnose atrophic gastritis, chronic pancreatitis. In the coprogram, this is reflected in salts, creatorium, and lentoria.
Dyskinesia of the stomach and duodenum develop with pyloroduodenal syndrome. Pancreatic insufficiency is detected against the background of a yellow-gray color of feces and many smearing feces. There is a violation of the digestion of proteins and fats.
Anomalies of the biliary tract, cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis is manifested by low secretion of bile, which should digest fats. The analysis will be manifested by type 2 steatorrhea. In the intestinal lumen is bilirubin, which does not change. Hence the light feces. The same characteristics for hepatitis and weak liver function.
As a result of acute infections, the intestines suffer. Holding a coprogram will help identify enteric syndrome. The indicators are the present epithelium, protein. The stool is yellow, liquid, without pathological impurities. If the problem passes from the small intestine to the large one, deciphering will show white blood cells, iodophilic flora. This means that enterocolitis begins. Feces become foamy, sour, with mucus. When a part of the colon is affected, the syndrome becomes distal-colitic. Diagnosed with dysentery, salmonellosis, protozoal infections.
Study analyzes
Coprology is a whole science that studies feces. In medicine, the industry is necessary for the early detection of pathologies of the internal organs of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important in determining parasites. You need to know the rules for collecting tests, the initial decoding in order to control the state of the body.
The formation of feces occurs in the large intestine. It contains water, food debris, products of bile pigments, bacteria. With various diseases of the digestive tract, diagnosis using a coprogram allows you to accurately establish hidden pathologies.
The results of adults and children are different. This is especially true for infants. An accurate diagnosis is made after additional studies. It is not possible to independently interpret the results obtained. Treatment can be prescribed only by a specialist.