The North Siberian lowland (this is clearly visible on the map) is a huge plain territory located in the northern part of Eastern Siberia. It occupies the northern lands of two regions of the Siberian Federal District: the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Yakutia.
The lowland stretches for 600 km from the Taimyr mountains of Byrranga in the north to the Putorana plateau in the south, and almost 1,500 km from the mouth of the Yenisei in the west to the Olenek River in the east. Thus, the lowland is located between 70 and 75 parallel north latitude, and between 83 and 125 degrees east longitude. That is, it covers the Taimyr Peninsula from the south, stretching from Kara to the Laptev Sea.
Climatic zones
Where is the North Siberian Lowland located and how does its location affect the climate? This question is quite interesting. Let's take a closer look at it.
Almost all of it is located in the Arctic climatic zone, and only a small area in the southwest is located in the subarctic. Mostly the North Siberian Lowland is a tundra zone. However, in the south and south-west there are sections of forest-tundra represented by deciduous thickets, and in the central zone of the Taimyr Peninsula , as in the northeast, the territory runs along the Arctic desert.
Mostly these are low-lying reindeer moss tundra with rare hilly or rocky hills up to 200 m, and sometimes up to 250 m. The area is densely saturated with numerous rivers and lakes. The largest of them - p. Anabar, Olenek, Pyasina, Khatanga, and the lakes - Taimyr, Kokora and Labaz. The tundra is very boggy.
The climate is arctic continental, summer is short, winter is very long. Frosts reach 50 ° C below zero, and summer temperatures - no higher than 20 ° C.
Since the North Siberian Lowland is located north of the Arctic Circle, the summer and winter seasons are accompanied by polar day and night. Autumn and spring are short. The change of seasons takes place within 2-3 weeks. The amount of precipitation in the North Siberian lowland is small: from 200 to 400 millimeters. Throughout the summer, the soil thaws only in the upper layer in summer. This phenomenon is called permafrost.
Flora
The North Siberian lowland has a rather meager flora. It is represented by mosses, lichens (reindeer moss), berry bushes (crowberry, blueberry, blueberry), dwarf birch and willow. In the southern part, you can find deciduous woodlands, and in glens protected from the wind, wild rose and low rowan. The growing season is short: 6-8 weeks, but numerous angiosperms, polar poppies and sedges, have time to bloom and allow the seeds to mature.
Animal world
The North-Siberian lowland will not be very pleased with the diversity of fauna representatives. These are wild reindeer, arctic foxes, wolves, lemmings, polar owls and partridges. In Taimyr settled down, imported in 60 years from Canada, contemporaries of the mammoth are musk oxen. In summer, a huge number of waterfowl migrating birds nest in the tundra: geese, ducks, geese.
Population
The indigenous local population is represented by Nganasans, Enets, Dolgans, and Evenks in the south. The main occupation of the representatives of these peoples is reindeer husbandry, hunting for fur animals and fishing.