A study on the intestinal group is a bacteriological analysis, in the process of which microorganisms are detected, the vital activity of which can lead to the development of infectious diseases. The biological material is feces. In order for the result of the study to be as reliable and informative as possible, some preparation rules must be observed. If the obtained indicators do not meet the established standards, the doctor individually draws up a treatment regimen.
What allows you to identify?
An intestinal group test is a laboratory type of study that can be used to detect pathogens that pose a threat to a patient’s health. In addition, the doctor gets the opportunity to assess the amount of beneficial microflora.
Analysis for the intestinal group allows you to identify the following groups of microorganisms:
- Conditionally pathogenic. With the normal functioning of the immune system, they are harmless. When the body's defenses are weakened, the process of their active reproduction starts, which leads to the development of all kinds of diseases. Examples of microorganisms: staphylococcus, proteus, seraph, klebsiella, candida, cyto and enterobacter.
- Pathogenic. This is a large group of bacteria whose vital activity is a threat not only to health, but also to human life. Normally, they should not be in the intestines. When they enter the body, the process of their active reproduction starts. Tissues begin to be poisoned by toxic compounds - the waste products of bacteria. This condition is an indication for immediate hospitalization in a hospital. Examples of microorganisms: brucella, salmonella, eshechiria, yersinia, shigella, neisseria.
- Normal. The purpose of beneficial microflora is to protect the body from the penetration of pathogens, maintain and strengthen local immunity, and also accelerate the elimination of harmful compounds. When exposed to adverse factors, their functioning is disrupted. Examples of microorganisms: lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, peptococci, bacteroids, clostridia.
The essence of the method is to place the flora in an artificially created nutrient medium. Microorganisms are observed, then differentiated into species. To clarify the results of the tank. analysis of the intestinal group additionally conduct biochemical tests.
Indications
The study is prescribed by the doctor based on patient complaints and anamnesis. Indications for the analysis of the intestinal group:
- Long-term disorders in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Frequent episodes of constipation.
- Long-term antibiotic treatment.
- The presence of a pronounced allergic reaction that does not recede during therapy.
In addition, an analysis of feces for the intestinal group is necessary for hospitalization. The study is also conducted in individuals during the rehabilitation period after recovery.
Preparation
In order for the results of the analysis for the intestinal group to be reliable, it is necessary to follow medical recommendations for a while before the delivery of the biomaterial.
Preparation for the study involves the implementation of certain actions:
- For 7 days, you need to stop taking laxatives and antibiotics. Against the background of treatment with these medicines, the intestinal microflora is disturbed. Analysis results in a similar situation will be incorrect. If the withdrawal of drugs is not possible for health reasons, it is necessary to inform the attending physician about this.
- For 5 days, you need to make adjustments to the diet. It is necessary to exclude products from the menu, the use of which can provoke the fermentation process. These include: berries, fruits, vegetables, green beans, fresh milk. It is also necessary to abandon the use of alcohol-containing drinks.
- For 7 days, you need to stop introducing rectal suppositories into the rectum.
These rules of preparation for analysis for a pathogenic intestinal group are relevant for both adults and children.
Biomaterial fence
Initially, you need to choose a container. It must be sterile and tightly closed. A disposable container for feces can be purchased at any pharmacy. The product is sold together with a spoon, so that collecting biomaterial becomes more convenient. As an alternative, you can use a small glass jar with a tightly screwed lid. But first it must be thoroughly washed and boiled.
Regarding how to take an analysis for the intestinal group, the algorithm of actions will be as follows:
- In the morning, perform an act of defecation. Desires should be natural, it is unacceptable to first put a cleansing enema.
- Biological material should be taken from a clean surface. Ignoring this recommendation leads to the contamination of feces by foreign bacteria.
- It is desirable to take feces from the middle part of the obtained biological material. If streaks of blood or pus are visualized in the masses, they must also be placed in a container or jar.
- The mass of feces should not be less than 20 g. These are approximately 3 measuring spoons, which are sold together with containers.
- Close the container tightly and sign it.
- Take the container or jar of biomaterial to the laboratory.
Feces are not recommended to be stored. It is desirable to immediately deliver it to the laboratory. If this is not possible, it is allowed to place the biomaterial in the refrigerator. But there it can be no more than 4 hours.
Interpretation of Results
After 4-6 working days (in state polyclinics, the process may take up to 2 weeks), a certificate is issued to the patient. The analysis for the intestinal group should be deciphered by the doctor, but you can interpret the results yourself.
Norm indicators for adults and children over 1 year old (expressed in CFE):
- Bifidobacteria - at least 1 * 10 9 .
- Lactobacilli - 1 * 10 7 .
- E. coli - 1-7 * 10 8 .
- Cocci (of the total number of microorganisms) - up to 25%.
- Lactose-negative enterobacter - up to 5%.
Pathogenic flora in the biomaterial should not be. If it is detected, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment.
Therapy regimen
The problem requires an integrated approach. The treatment regimen is based on the results of an analysis of the intestinal group.
General principles of treatment when a large number of opportunistic microorganisms are detected:
- Taking antibiotics. Medicines from this group are prescribed only when the pathogen is identified. Additionally, a test is conducted on the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.
- Taking prebiotics. It is necessary for the colonization of the intestines with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
- Reception of probiotics. These drugs contain live forms of beneficial microflora.
- Reception or administration of immunomodulators. The active components of these drugs help strengthen the body's defenses.
If pathogenic flora is detected in the biomaterial, hospitalization of the patient is indicated. In addition, persons in contact with the patient also need to undergo an examination.
Where to turn in?
The collection of biological material is carried out both in private and public medical institutions. In the latter case, it is necessary to first draw up a referral for a study by a physician.
You can get results as quickly as possible in independent laboratories, for example, in Unilaba or Invitro. Analysis of the intestinal group in commercial institutions is done on average 4 working days.
Cost
The research price directly depends on the region of residence, as well as on the level and policy of the medical institution. In independent laboratories, the cost of analysis is an average of 800 rubles.
Research on the intestinal group in state polyclinics is free of charge. It is enough only to draw up a medical insurance policy when applying for a referral.
Finally
The human intestines are populated by several hundred microorganisms. Beneficial bacteria have a protective function and contribute to the rapid removal of toxic compounds from tissues. Conditionally pathogenic flora normally should also be in the intestines, but in a small amount. The vital activity of these microorganisms is dangerous only when they multiply rapidly. Pathogens in the body should not be at all.
Analysis of the intestinal group allows you to estimate the number of certain bacteria. If opportunistic flora prevails, the doctor prescribes treatment. Therapy is carried out on an outpatient basis. If pathogens are detected, the patient is hospitalized. In addition, all persons in contact with the patient in recent times are subject to examination.